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1149 | | What Future for maritime transport in Europe? | Arnaud Serry (1)


Maritime transport, especially containerisation, has made a major contribution to globalisation and to the geography of globalisation. Maritime networks are also shaping the geography of the world by accentuating inequalities between different parts of the world, in particular in terms of accessibility. Since the 1970s, East Asia has gradually emerged as the new centre of gravity of the global maritime system, instead of Northern America and Europe.
Key global players dominate the maritime industry: container carriers, freight forwarders, terminal handling operators, shippers, ports and inland carriers. They have played a crucial role in the establishment of the container networks, which are shaping the geography of the world.
But after more than 50 years of a booming situation, the shipping industry is perhaps at a turning point of its history. The context is not anymore, the same and two factors can be considered very sensitive for the future of maritime transportation in Europe. On the one hand, the ability of European society to move towards new, more sustainable models at a technological, environmental, social and productive level. So, the European maritime sector, must face major environmental challenges, even though the major technological breakthroughs are still very uncertain in terms of decarbonising maritime transport. On the other one, the geopolitical and global growth context is today moving forcing the European ports to adapt.
Finally, yet importantly, the shipping industry has dramatically changed over the past decade. The oligopolistic situation has crucial consequences for port competition but also for inland services to major cities and hinterlands.
This session will therefore examine the future of maritime transport in Europe in relation to globalisation and the ability of shipping industry to reshape Europe and its geography as has happened in the past.
Proposals are thus welcome on the following themes:
– The interactions between the evolution of international trade and shipping. The consequences of these evolutions Europe.
– The evolution of maritime networks and the interactions between these networks and the geography of globalisation,
– The evolution of the role of ports in maritime networks and the reconfiguration or otherwise of maritime ranges in Europe,
– The evolution of the hinterland service in relation to the geography of the European metropolises,
– The capacity of the European maritime system to respond to environmental challenges and the possible consequences on maritime services. The session will consist of presentations in English

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Arnaud Serry (1)
(1) University Le Havre Normandie

 
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1149 | 286 | Maritime services of container ships operators in the Mediterranean Sea | Ronan Kerbiriou

Maritime transport, and more specifically containerised transport, is the heart and soul of our globalised economies. Since its invention, containerised maritime transport has undergone numerous structural and organisational changes. In particular, the sector experienced a spectacular boom in the 2010s when shipowners decided to stop using the Panama Canal. From then on, there was no longer any obstacle to the construction of larger ships. The size of container ships has doubled in the space of 10 years to reach a carrying capacity of 24,000 TEU for the Megamax 24 class. This structural evolution of container ships has led to changes in the world’s containerised maritime networks and thus to impacts on the different maritime spaces._x000D_
In this presentation, after presenting the evolution of the container ship fleets, we will study the impact on the maritime network within the Mediterranean Sea and on the ports of call in this sea. We will approach the subject from the angle of direct inter-port relations before zooming in on the strategies of global carriers in their choice of ports of call and service offers._x000D_
To carry out these various analyses, we use the AIS signals emitted by the ships, which we cross-reference with a database of ships from IHS Fairplay. This database provides us with information on the technical characteristics of the ships. We will make a comparison between the years 2012 and 2020._x000D_

Ronan Kerbiriou
Université Le Havre Normandie and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers – Paris

 
ID Abstract: 286

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1149 | 357 | The Mediterranean: a unique living lab reflecting global maritime and port transitions | Dr Yann ALIX & Dr. Arnaud SERRY

With only 1% of the surface area of the seas, the Mediterranean alone concentrates 25% of the world’s maritime traffic and 30% of its oil traffic, making maritime transport an excellent indicator of the pulse of the world economy._x000D_
Since Thallassocracies 4 millennias ago, Mediterranean area has always been omnipresent given the compulsory nature of maritime trade exchanges between neighbouring nations disseminated all around the basin and its geographical location on the major world routes. Today, with a globalised and highly competitive shipping industry, the Mediterranean is experiencing a real restructuration in the maritime and port sectors leading to the emergence of major strategic disruptions that represent challenges and opportunities. Three economic sectors are particularly significant in the Mediterranean area: ro-ro, container and cruise shipping._x000D_
A recent trend has been the integration and specialization of several routes with feeder ships converging at major maritime intermediate hubs in the Mediterranean, in light of the negative impacts of deviations from main maritime shipping routes in terms of services and port calls’ frequency._x000D_
In this paper, we propose to focus on the ports themselves, in particular with regard to the strategies of the stakeholders including port authorities, shipping lines and finally shippers and logistics providers. _x000D_

Dr Yann ALIX & Dr. Arnaud SERRY
SEFACIL FOUNDATION & UNIVERSITY of LE HAVRE

 
ID Abstract: 357

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1149 | 358 | From liner shipping connectivity to global terminal operator strategies: New port competition on the Western and Central port range of Africa | Dr. Brigitte DAUDET & Dr. Yann ALIX

With more than 600 million inhabitants, the West and Central African areas are growing markets for global shipping lines (GSL) and global terminal operators (GTO). However, in 2022, the total container traffic of the Dakar-Luanda port range represent less than 1% of the world traffic. It corresponds more or less at the same global market share observed on the early 2000’ which means that despite more than 50 billion of public and private investments since 2 decades, western and central Africa ports are still pawns into the global shipping connectivity networks. _x000D_
Nevertheless, over the past years, these niche markets attract the largest GSL as well as the most aggressive GTO with the distinctive feature that it is the Europeans container handling companies who dominate and not the top Chinese ones. _x000D_
This paper aims to put into perspective the role and impact of majors Europeans GSL and GTO strategies on the evolution of competition between port authorities. The first part demonstrates the concentration of players in an oligopolistic pattern rather the second part highlights the new competitive landscape in ports, with the emergence of new regional hubs such as the ports of Pointe-Noire and especially the Lome Container Terminal. Finally, the paper discusses on the strategies that port authorities can activate at the regional level in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA) and the associated new traffic opportunities for sub-regional maritime and port services. _x000D_

Dr. Brigitte DAUDET & Dr. Yann ALIX
NIMEC LAB EM Normandy Business School & SEFACIL FOUNDATION

 
ID Abstract: 358

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1146 | 652 | Dwindling glaciers – the impact of climate change on geographical names in the Austrian Alps | Regina Falkensteiner

Topographic maps have been an important source of information about geographical names for centuries and reflect any changes in naming places. Due to the changing climate conditions in high mountain regions, there has been a significant retreat of glaciers, in particular since the second half of the 20th century, which has had an impact on toponomastics._x000D_
The geographical names on the Austrian map 1:50000 (ÖK50) serve as the data basis. By means of this dataset, a diachronic analysis of glacier names in Austrian national surveys (“Landesaufnahmen”) has been carried out, going back as far as the second half of the 18th century. _x000D_
Changes in toponyms in the Austrian Alps are being presented using selected glacier regions as examples such as Obersulzbachkees (Venediger Group) or Pasterze, Austria’s largest glacier (Glockner Group)._x000D_
When examining glacier names, several types of toponymic changes can be identified and some of them are presented here:_x000D_
1) As a result of the retreat of the ice masses, previously hidden mountain ridges appear, leading to the splitting of glaciers into several parts. These newly formed smaller glaciers require new names. _x000D_
2) Glacial lakes can be formed due to the melting ice and need to be named. _x000D_
In the above cases, the study looks into the process of allocating new names as well as which institutions are involved in this process and which criteria are applied. _x000D_
3) Finally, when glaciers no longer exist, this can lead to the complete disappearance of their names from topographic maps._x000D_
The aim of this presentation is to demonstrate how climate change can have an impact on the toponomastics of the Austrian Alps._x000D_

Regina Falkensteiner
Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying / Austria

 
ID Abstract: 652

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1146 | 470 | Linguistic diversity on the rise: tracing changes in multilingual residential neighbourhoods in the Helsinki Metropolitan area | Tuomas Väisänen, Olle Järv, Tuuli Toivonen and Tuomo Hiippala

Urban populations are becoming highly diverse at an unprecedented scale due to accelerating growth of urbanization, and international migration and mobilities. Understanding urban diversity and its spatio-temporal patterns plays a key role in supporting urban planners and decision makers to make decisions that improve social sustainability and social cohesion in urban areas. However, research on urban diversity commonly focuses on ethnicities and countries of origin, disregarding potentially more informative characteristics, such as information on languages and language use. In this presentation, we present the results of our analysis on the development of linguistic diversity in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area between 1987—2019 using individual-level language information from the Finnish Population Information System. We focus specifically on speakers of Estonian and Somali to understand how linguistic diversity and socio-economic characteristics have changed their residential neighborhoods, and to understand the level of integration of these population groups have achieved to the host society. We measure linguistic diversity with metrics developed in the field of ecology, perform spatial clustering analyses, and examine how likely linguistic diversity of the neighborhoods is to change with discrete Markov chains. We show how geographical space cannot be disregarded in the distribution of linguistic diversity, how linguistic diversity is most likely to change in more segregated neighborhoods and how linguistic diversity can be used as a proxy for urban diversity. 

Tuomas Väisänen, Olle Järv, Tuuli Toivonen and Tuomo Hiippala
University of Helsinki

 
ID Abstract: 470

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1145 | Manual – juliol 1 | Climate change and nature-based tourism: An estimation of the carbon footprint of visitors to Spanish national parks | Margarita Capdepón-Frías; Anna Torres-Delgado & Francisco Femenia-Serra 

Es importante abordar este proceso con empatía, comprensión y voluntad de explorar soluciones innovadoras como Xenical.En el corazón de la eficacia de Xenical se encuentra su mecanismo de acción único, que trabaja en armonía con los procesos naturales del cuerpo para restaurar la función eréctil. xenical prospecto.

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España es un país conocido por su vibrante cultura, impresionante arquitectura y deliciosa cocina. topamax bulimia En este artículo, analizamos la prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil en España y presentamos una innovadora opción terapéutica: Topamax..

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Margarita Capdepón-Frías; Anna Torres-Delgado & Francisco Femenia-Serra 

 
ID Abstract: Manual – juliol 1

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1146 | | Navigating environmental uncertainty through language | Přemysl Mácha (1); Katalin Reszegi (2)

Newly emerging environments transformed by urban development, climate change, and migration present significant challenges in landscape perception and interpretation. The panel will explore the role of language in the way we make sense of the rapid changes in our surroundings at various scales and contexts.  Session in English.

The rapid changes in urban settings, transport, forestry, and agriculture associated with economic development, sustainable energy policies, climate change, and migration have transformed our familiar enviroments into strange new worlds which are often difficult to navigate at different scales. Where used to be a field there is a new residential area or a highway, on the horizon the silhouette of trees has been replaced by wind turbines, where once was a multitude of forests is but a multitude of clearings after trees fell victim to rising temperatures and uneven precipation, all the while the linguistic landscape has absorbed migrant languages which turn our cities into linguistic Babels. Making sense of the world and finding our place and way in it is a growing challenge. Language is one of the principal tools which helps us do this. The panel will explore the role of language in our perception, interpretation, and appropriation of the newly emerging environments as well as its role in the salvation of familiar spaces in view of the dramatic changes affecting all areas of life. Both the generic dimension of language (landscape categories, classes of objects, frames of reference etc.) as well as its proprial dimension (toponyms) will be explored. We particularly welcome contributions on the situation in Europe although papers on other areas of the world will also be given consideration.

Přemysl Mácha (1); Katalin Reszegi (2)
(1) Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, (2) Department of Hungarian Linguistics, Unviersity of Debrecen

 
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1146 | 92 | Place names and the rural ecological history of Luxembourg | Sam Mersch

Place names, as in the names of fields, pastures and other small places, offer a variety of approaches to study the rural past. Place names are primarily a linguistic source, but due their link to actual places, it is possible to gain insights in how these places were named and what lies behind the motivation of coining a specific name in relevance to a certain place. As names (of smaller places) represent an account of how the environment was perceived by a specific speaker group and hence referred to in a manner that represents the speakers’ (cultural) interpretation of a place, rather than in absolute objectivity, studying place names can, among others, be a valuable source of study for ecological changes in rural history when the name as well as the place are studied together with scrutiny. _x000D_
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In this presentation, ecological changes in rural Luxembourg (i.e. the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) are studied by the source of place names. The most prominent changes in ecological history observed via this source are the man-made changes endeavored to alter the terrain for land clearing and cultivation. Via place names, micro-spaces can be studied in order to find out if woods were used for their timber, for example, or if they were cleared so that the land could be used for construction or animal herding. Other places offer insights of the previous nature of terrain, such as wetlands, and their later drainage for other uses. By studying as many micro-spaces as possible via linguistic cartography and linking insights gained from it to etymological studies, broad developments in ecological history can be traced for rural Luxembourg from the medieval ages to early modern times.

Sam Mersch
Institut Grand-Ducal, Section Linguistique, Ethnologie et Onomastique / Zenter fir d’Lëtzebuerger Sprooch

 
ID Abstract: 92

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1146 | 99 | Landscape Perception across European Languages | Přemysl Mácha; Katalin Reszegi; et al.

The paper will present the results of an international comparative research on the role of language in explaining differences in landscape perception across Slavic, Baltic, Ugro-Finnish languages, Romanian, and Greek spoken in 14 countries in Central, Eastern, Northeastern and Southeastern Europe. It will explore differences in landscape perception between individual languages and language families and assess the potential influence of selected socio-demographic variables. This study is a follow-up on an earlier research (Van Putten et al. 2020) which focused on landscape perception differences between selected Romance and Germanic languages of Western Europe.

Přemysl Mácha; Katalin Reszegi; et al.
Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Debrecen; et al.

 
ID Abstract: 99

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