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1247 | 816 | OPERATION AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OF URBAN CLLD COMMUNITIES IN HUNGARY, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO COHESION REGIONS | Péter Zombori – Saidi Feyrouz-Ahlam

CLLD is a territorial development tool that complements development resources at local level, in line with the EU Regulation and the conditions of the 7th priority of the spatial development operative program (TOP). Its main principles are bottom-up, local funding and management, networking and linking, and an integrated approach. It provides an opportunity for communities in a given city to participate in the shaping of local development strategy through self-organisation and to raise awareness and regenerate local society._x000D_
In Hungary, cities with county rights and towns with a population of at least 10,000 are eligible to participate in CLLD, but the CLLD programme was defined as a separate priority in the TOP, so municipalities in Central Hungary were not eligible for funding. In 2016, 98 local action groups started their operation in Hungary. Action Groups are composed of representatives of the public, civil and private sectors in the municipality concerned, but no single sector can represent more than 49% of the local action group._x000D_
In our research, we want to investigate how specific the Hungarian CLLD policy is in Europe, what kind of local urban action groups have been established, what is the composition of the action groups, and what proportion of the members of the action groups represent all sectors of the municipality. On the other hand, we consider it an important question to examine the resource allocation characteristics of Hungarian action groups (how many and what size of local applications they manage, what is the composition of the membership and the working structure, which types of funding objectives are given priority). The expected results of the research may be useful for the preparation of decisions by regional development actors and for the operation of project management organisations in the possible new programming period.

Péter Zombori – Saidi Feyrouz-Ahlam
University of Debrecen, Hungary.
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1253 | 863 | APLICACIÓN DE BIOCLIM EN LA ISLA DE EL HIERRO (CANARIAS) | Caballero-Fernández, Damián; Salvà-Catarineu, Montserrat; Salvador-Franch, Ferran

En el contexto del cambio global es crucial estudiar los ecosistemas vulnerables. El Panel Intergubernamental para el Cambio Climático (IPCC) ha evidenciado como los espacios frágiles se verán gravemente afectados por el calentamiento global. _x000D_
El objetivo de este estudio es utilizar herramientas geoestadísticas para profundizar en las características bioclimáticas de la isla de El Hierro. Esta isla se distingue por su gran diversidad en materiales geológicos volcánicos, así como por su riqueza florística, abundante en endemismos y con la mayor extensión de Juniperus canariensis de todo el archipiélago canario._x000D_
Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se ha utilizado el paquete BIOCLIM de Rstudio, el cual ha permitido obtener información detallada sobre el balance de agua, el balance bioclimático, las intensidades y clasificación bioclimática de las estaciones analizadas. Además, se han empleado herramientas como CLIMATOL, SNHT y BARTELS TEST para garantizar la calidad de los datos climáticos empleados._x000D_
Se han utilizado los registros termo-pluviométricos de seis estaciones de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). La serie más larga corresponde a la última normal climática (1991-2020) de la estación de El Hierro-aeropuerto. Para el resto de las estaciones se ha empleado la serie disponible del periodo 2010 a 2018._x000D_
Los resultados obtenidos muestran una amplia variedad bioclimática en la isla de El Hierro, a pesar de su pequeña extensión. Desde espacios hiperxerófilos en la costa hasta territorios tropófilos en las zonas más elevadas, la isla ofrece una gran diversidad florística. Sin embargo, la escasez hídrica es una constante, presentando características áridas o semiáridas en la mayoría del territorio insular. _x000D_
En conclusión, los estudios de este tipo son fundamentales para comprender la vulnerabilidad de un ecosistema insular y necesarios para garantizar su conservación ante las actuales alteraciones climáticas.

Caballero-Fernández, Damián; Salvà-Catarineu, Montserrat; Salvador-Franch, Ferran
Universitat de Barcelona
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1254 | 590 | The role of Spanish airports in the transport of global cargo: a node between continents | Carlos López Escolano

The economic and social globalization has reshaped freight transport systems worldwide. Increasingly, companies and consumers demand a fast distribution of goods, that requires lower transport costs and higher speed, both essential aspects of our current global system. In this sense, air freight transport plays a fundamental role in the organisation of global cargo transport chain. Main airports handle most of the air cargo traffic worldwide, similarly to how passenger transport is organized, although we can find mixed airports (passenger and freight transport), as well as specialized cargo airports (with little relevance to passengers but essentials to ensure cargo flows). In any case, studying the main variables of air freight transport (flows, origins and destinations, type of goods, or location of the main cargo airports) allows us to approach a better understanding of the global economic system and its relationship with Geography._x000D_
_x000D_
This work presents the role of Spanish airports for the global air cargo transport systems. Spain is an interesting case study to deepen a better knowledge of global transport systems. Its geographical location in the extreme southeast of Europe and close to North Africa, in addition to the excellent air connections with Latin America, make it possible to set up a unique air transport system, which is also of special interest for the air cargo geographies. In this context, firstly, this work reviews the situation and trajectory of freight traffic of Spanish airports between 2004 and 2022. Afterward, the analysis focus on a selection of the main freight airports, that serves as case studies to explore the type of flows, origin and destination, types of merchandise transported and type of airlines (specialized in cargo transport or mixed traffic). _x000D_

Carlos López Escolano
Universidad de Zaragoza (University of Zaragoza)
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1267 | 623 | Territorial dynamics and local initiatives in the Laciana Valley (León, España) after mining lockout | Beatriz Acero Argüelles

The Laciana Valley is a mining region located in the north of the León province. Due to the progressive closure of mining activity, it has lost more than a half of its population and it is facing a process of tertiarisation of its economy towards tourism. Using a triple methodological perspective based on a bibliographical review, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, local actors and public and private initiatives, the aim of promoting its development has been identified. The perception and future perspective of the valley has been achieved by the analysis of the interviews in order to determine the problems and territorial potentialities of this area.

Beatriz Acero Argüelles
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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1270 | 389 | The diversity and distribution of melliferous plants in the Krivodol municipality (Northwestern Bulgaria) | Nikolay Nikolov, Milena Tocheva, Bilyana Borissova

Conservation of natural heritage is of great importance in the context of emerging environmental and climatic changes. This study aims to identify the species diversity and distribution of melliferous plants in the municipality of Krivodol (Northwestern Bulgaria). Pollination as an ecosystem service ensures the reproduction of a large number of plant species and is an integral part of the natural maintenance of healthy ecosystems. The study utilized field surveys following the Brown-Blanke methodological approach (Westhoff & van der Maarel, 1973) to obtain data on plant abundance and cover within different habitat types. Sample plots were placed in homogeneous and representative sites of plant communities, their size was in accordance with the recommendations by Chytrý & Otýpková (2003) depending on the vegetation type. Species’ abundance and cover percentage within the site boundaries was estimated. Results were obtained for the species diversity of melliferous plants and biogeographically attached to their respective habitat type based on the EUNIS classification and the melliferous plant cover in the descriptions. The spatial distribution of melliferous plant species has been identified, which determines the distribution of floral resources in the different types of natural habitats used by Apis mellifera. Results highlight the melliferous plant species with more than 10% cover in the framework of the different habitat types. Conclusions formed the status of melliferous plants in the study area in close relation to the pollination environment they form. Beekeeping in the area will benefit from protecting as many areas as possible with natural vegetation, both grassland and woodland and where reclamation measures are taken, they should be with native melliferous plants._x000D_
_x000D_
1.Chytrý, М., Otýpková, Z., Plot sizes used for phytosociological sampling of European vegetation., 2003. _x000D_
2.Westhoff & van der Maarel. The Braun-Blanquet approach., 1973. _x000D_

Nikolay Nikolov, Milena Tocheva, Bilyana Borissova
Faculty of Geology and Geography Sofia University “St.Kliment Ohridski”
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1270 | 483 | Thermal conditions in cold half-year over Poland during the advection of arctic air masses | Piotr Piotrowski, Joanna Jędruszkiewicz, Joanna Wibig


The maritime, continental, and transformed arctic air masses over Poland were identified by the modified classification scheme developed by Geb. The modified method uses backward trajectories generated using the HYSPLIT model and air temperature and pseudoadiabatic temperature at the geopotential height of 850 hPa in the centre of Poland. ERA5 reanalyses of air temperature from 2 meters from 49 meteorological stations were used to analyze the thermal conditions during arctic air masses advection. In the cold half-year, the most frequent advection of arctic air masses occurs in December and March. During the cold half-year, the maritime air inflow occurs the most frequently among the arctic air masses

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. In all months of the cold half-year, negative deviations in air temperature occur throughout Poland, the highest in mountainous areas during the advection of arctic continental air masses from the northern borders of Siberia. This type of air masses appear over the Polish territory only for four months, from December to March. The other two types of arctic air masses appear in all months of the cold half-year.

Piotr Piotrowski, Joanna Jędruszkiewicz, Joanna Wibig
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz
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1250 | 782 | Analysing Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries | Velislava Simeonova (1); Maciej Nowak (2)


The proposal shows results of an extensive comparative study of Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries, also member states of the EU. The study covers three main stages of analysis and comparison of the countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia._x000D_
In first stage the study aims the following issues:_x000D_
-Defining spatial planning and its objectives_x000D_
-Understanding spatial plans and their related concepts_x000D_
-Grasping the relationship between spatial planning and development policy, and the barriers that arise between them._x000D_
Defining spatial planning allows for broader thematic comparisons. Spatial planning objectives are the key reference point for the individual spatial planning instruments, both in terms of their creation and their evaluation. In addition to reflections resulting_x000D_
from observations of their own systems, the authors present reflections based on preliminary comparisons of solutions provided in CEE countries

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. Results stem from both ongoing analyses and from previous joint research. Next stage provides an overview of the features exhibited by different CEE planning systems. This stage provides a basic (synthesised and comparative) understanding of the key developments in national spatial planning systems. In characterising the spatial planning systems, attention has been paid to various aspects. A key one seems to be the context concerning spatial planning at the local level and the related instruments. Last stage identifies key similarities and differences in the spatial planning systems studied. These solutions are presented in the form of case studies. The case studies were extracted using the following criteria: 1. the originality of the specific solution, 2. the weakness/ineffectiveness of the specific solution, 3. the connection of the specific detailed solution with the sectoral sphere, with the environmental sphere.

Velislava Simeonova (1); Maciej Nowak (2)
(1) University of Barcelona; (2) West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
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1251 | 24 | Post-pandemic education: The use of technological tools in teaching Geography – GIS and its applicability | Willian Tavares Cerino

The central objective of the work is to identify how the pandemic accelerated changes in education, especially in the geographical field, pointing out the importance of updating the basic education curriculum and introducing technological tools such as the Geographic Information System (GIS). The research focused on Primary Education, an age group of children and adolescents between six and seventeen years. Based on a bibliographic review (content with publications from 2020, when the effects of the pandemic were already visible), the research highlighted four lines of research, which were the methodological bases for the development of the research: LADSON-BILLINGS (2021), ALVES, et al. (2021), RAPANTA, et al. (2021), and DE FREITAS VIEIRA et al. (2020)._x000D_
GIS can provide important tools to collect, analyze, and visualize geographic data, allowing teachers to provide more engaging learning experiences and improving students’ understanding of a more visible reality than that seen in traditional models (typified mainly by textbooks). The fundamental issue is not to exclude textbooks as a teaching tool, but to bring basic education closer to new technologies, reconciling the two methodologies as teaching tools. _x000D_
In conclusion, the first part of the research, focused on the search for theoretical references that served as a basis for the analysis of the changes in education, especially in geography teaching after the covid-19 pandemic, and to identify how GIS can assist teachers in teaching different geographic themes. In a second moment the research will apply questionnaires and interviews to teachers and students, to know the perception of the agents directly involved. The third and last phase of the research will be the implementation of the use of GIS in geography teaching in a low-income community school in the city of Goiânia, Brazil.

Willian Tavares Cerino
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
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1244 | 874 | Functionality and use of “environmental flow” for the conservation and preservation of the environment. Case study: Maipo river basin, Santiago, Chile. | Miranda Fierro, Jaime; Farguell, Joaquim

Water administrations must establish a minimum flow in rivers to ensure the survival of aquatic ecosystems and maintain the ecosystemic functions they provide. This minimum flow is known as “environmental flow.” _x000D_
Water resources management in Chile contemplates the establishment of an environmental flow for the Maipo river basin, which is one of the main sources of water supply for the city of Santiago, and for this purpose the methodologies and definitions of environmental flow used in Spain (Ebro River) and Colombia (Magdalena River) were used as a reference. However, there are doubts about the calculation methodology applied and the resulting flows obtained, which open the door to the study hypotheses: why the current definition of environmental flows is not based on the natural fluvial regime of the river, or what are the functionalities and uses of environmental flows for the conservation and preservation of the environment? _x000D_
These questions address the complexity in the definition of environmental flow and its management since, being a tool of vital importance for the conservation and preservation of the environment, it also sustains healthy estuarine ecosystems and freshwater, which are essential for both ecological and human well-being. The objective of this work is to analyze the definition of environmental flow for the Maipo river basin with the intention of identifying gaps in its calculation and definition and proposing improvements. For this purpose, we propose the use of geostatistical methods of conditional simulation to define a flow in different stretches of the basin, which will serve as input for the estimation and proposal of an environmental flow in the Maipo river basin, and as a reference for a national hydrological plan.

Miranda Fierro, Jaime; Farguell, Joaquim
Doctorado en Geografía Planificación territorial y Gestión Ambiental, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Barcelona / Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastian, Chile ; Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Barcelona / Instituto de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Barcelona
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