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1175 | 217 | Towards a just energy transition?: energy consumption and residential segregation in the metropolitan area of Barcelona | Veronica Mejia, Joan Checa, Joan Lopez

The reserach explores the relationship between social inequalities and the energy transition in the Barcelona metropolitan area. Thus, it analyzes to what extent the necessary process of improving energy efficiency and decarbonization can be associated not with a reduction but with an increase in inequalities. On the one hand, it is confirmed that the population with the lowest incomes resides in inefficient real estate parks and has a lower propensity than the average to take measures to improve the said situation. On the other hand, the more affluent areas have a greater propensity to implement self-generated electricity systems, as well as a greater presence of electric vehicles. Thus, to date, self-generation facilities tend to be located in a much higher proportion in high-middle-income areas with a dispersed urban configuration than in low-income areas. In a context in which the economic effort that households must make to meet their energy needs is not proportional to their income, this pattern in innovations could result in an increase in social inequalities in terms of access to energy_x000D_
The territorial concentration processes of both situations can come to consolidate social inequality and spatial segregation, which makes it necessary to adopt corrective policies.

Veronica Mejia, Joan Checa, Joan Lopez
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 217

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1164 | 592 | Rural, and second home tourism: is it a (second) chance for rural development or catalysator of tourism gentrification instead? | Kyra TOMAY, PhD – Gusztáv NEMES, PhD

Rural tourism has become a fast-growing industry in recent decades. This development direction is essentially small-scale, relying on local resources, while bringing economic revitalisation and life to depopulated villages, thus it has been recognised and actively applied by rural policies as a panacea for territorial development and solving rural problems. In some regions, such as Toscana and Provence, rural tourism has converted whole areas into small economic miracles. However, our research shows that the local consequences of the ‘tourism industry’, even for (economically) successful localities, raise a number of economic, social and environmental dilemmas, and dangers too. COVID-19 increased the demand for green areas and private spaces, and many urban dwellers ‘escaped’ to rural areas (especially to their second homes) during the lockdowns. The steady flow of second-home owners into rural areas, however, posed a significant challenge to local infrastructures and the maintenance of public services for local rural communities._x000D_
Our presentation discusses the role of rural tourism in the gentrification of the countryside, its successes, and dilemmas. Aiming a deeper understanding of the processes in the framework of two interlinked research more than 150 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with key actors, newcomers, locals, tourists, and visitors between 2019-2023 in three different territories of Hungary. In the presentation we will examine the following questions: What are the consequences of the urban upper and middle-class invasion for local society, the economy, culture, and the environment? What was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the existing processes: does it modified only temporarily the preferences and motivations, or does it reinforced the already steady trend of rural gentrification or new challenges and problems occurred as a consequence? _x000D_

Kyra TOMAY, PhD – Gusztáv NEMES, PhD
Department of Sociology, University of Pécs, Hungary ; Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary

 
ID Abstract: 592

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1164 | 642 | Comparing Generation Z and Millennials behavior in sustainable tourism practices and mobility, insights from Spain. | Francisco Romera ; Eugénie Le Bigot

This communication aims to examine the perceptions and level of awareness of Generation Z – also known as Gen Z, ‘post-millennials’, ‘Centennials’ among others – when it comes to sustainable practices in tourism. The results are compared with their previous cohort, Generation Y, also known as Millennials. The role this generation has to play in the future of tourism and sustainable development has been the subject of recent interest among academics and practitioners. However, there is a need for studies that investigate Gen Z sustainable behaviors and practices in the field of tourism._x000D_
To provide an answer to this question, this research work is based on a quantitative approach using surveys. A sample of 266 Spanish individuals was collected, in the Valencian community. The data were collected between February and March 2022. The results show that Millennials and Generation Z are aware of the role they must play when it comes to responsible tourism mobility and tourism consumption. Thus, there are certain differences between Generation Z and its predecessor. Generation Z also shows a greater commitment towards responsible practices. As a matter of fact, it is observed that individual profiles have an impact on this relationship. At the same time, although this generation has made progress towards sustainable development, there are still challenges to be faced to achieve responsible and sustainable tourism practices and mobility.

Francisco Romera ; Eugénie Le Bigot
Falmouth University ; Université de Caen Normandie

 
ID Abstract: 642

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1164 | 682 | Has the pandemic changed the attitudes towards tourism in historic city centres? A case study of Krakow | Marek Grochowicz


The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry worldwide. Historic city centres, which are often major tourist destinations, have been particularly affected due to the pandemic restrictions on travel and mobility. In this context, this study aims to explore whether the pandemic has altered attitudes towards tourism in historic city centres using the case of Krakow – a major historic city and city tourism destination in Poland._x000D_
This study employs a mixed-methods approach, including interviews with key stakeholders in the historic city centre. Most important actions taken by particular stakeholders in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their shifting attitudes towards tourism and its impact on Krakow’s historic city centre are discussed and analysed. The research also aimed at capturing the views of various stakeholders on the challenges and opportunities created by the pandemic._x000D_
The results of the study suggest that the pandemic was a period of time when numerous stakeholders in Krakow’s historic centre were reviewing their attitudes towards tourism and how urban policy should be conducted in this unique area. There was an increased public awareness of the role of conducting quality public consultations and urban discussions involving numerous stakeholders to jointly develop better solutions for post-pandemic tourism in the city

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La disfunción eréctil, una afección caracterizada por la incapacidad de lograr o mantener una erección suficiente para mantener relaciones sexuales, puede tener un profundo impacto en la calidad de vida y la autoestima de un hombre. estrace Antes de profundizar en los beneficios de Estrace, es importante entender qué causa la disfunción eréctil..

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Actúa aumentando el flujo sanguíneo al pene durante la estimulación sexual, lo que permite a los hombres lograr y mantener una erección. que es orlistat Al buscar la orientación de profesionales de la salud y adoptar enfoques holísticos para el tratamiento, los hombres pueden superar los desafíos que plantea la disfunción eréctil y recuperar su vitalidad y confianza en el dormitorio..

Cenforce está ampliamente disponible en farmacias de toda España, por lo que es fácilmente accesible para aquellos que lo necesiten. cenforce 50 mg En respuesta a la creciente prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil, los avances farmacéuticos han allanado el camino para una miríada de opciones de tratamiento..

Si bien el uso de doxiciclina puede suponer un riesgo para algunas personas, es crucial sopesar los beneficios de la terapia antibiótica frente a los posibles efectos secundarios y explorar medicamentos alternativos cuando sea apropiado. doxycycline microglia Los estudios han demostrado que la prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil en España va en aumento y que factores como el estrés, el estilo de vida y las enfermedades subyacentes contribuyen al problema..

Con Kamagra, los hombres ya no tienen que sufrir en silencio ni arruinarse para recuperar su virilidad y vitalidad. kamagra gold Kamagra ha surgido como una solución fiable para la disfunción eréctil, ofreciendo a los hombres la oportunidad de recuperar su vitalidad y confianza sexual..

Afortunadamente, en la actualidad existen tratamientos muy eficaces que pueden ayudar a los hombres a recuperar la confianza y la función sexual.En un estudio realizado en España, los investigadores descubrieron que los hombres diabéticos que tomaban Glucophage experimentaban mejoras significativas de la función eréctil en comparación con los que no tomaban el medicamento. glucophage xr.

Sin embargo, entre las sombras de esta enfermedad tan común y estigmatizada, brilla un faro de esperanza: Topamax.Sin embargo, también es un país donde muchos hombres luchan contra la silenciosa y a menudo estigmatizada disfunción eréctil (DE). topamax para la ansiedad.

La prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil en España:Esta píldora milagrosa contiene el principio activo tadalafilo, que aumenta el flujo sanguíneo al pene y permite a los hombres lograr y mantener una erección durante la actividad sexual. cialis 20 mg contrareembolso.

Comprender la disfunción eréctil en España: aldactone precio españa Al favorecer la excreción del exceso de líquido del organismo sin causar una depleción de potasio, Aldactone desempeña un papel vital en el alivio de los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca y en la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes..

. Attention was also drawn to the problem of the increasing tourist gentrification of this historic area and the need for regulations aimed at reducing the tourist-oriented functions in favour of improving the quality of life of local residents._x000D_
Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic on attitudes towards tourism in historic city centres, using the case of Krakow. The findings from this particular Polish city can be used as evidence and strategic inspiration by public authorities in further planning for tourism development in historic city centres in Europe.

Marek Grochowicz
Jagiellonian University, Krakow

 
ID Abstract: 682

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1164 | 858 | Solidarity Tourism for the sustainable recovery and building resilience of rural communities: the case of conflict-affected Ukraine | Olena Motuzenko, PhD, Associate Professor in constructive geography of the Faculty of Geography, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Ukraine; Viviana Ferrario, PhD, Associate Professor in Landscape geography of the Department of Architecture and Arts, University IUAV of Venice, Italy; Anna Kanshieva, PhD, Biodiversity Specialist, UN FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia

The new tourism trend of “living like a local” is being strengthened by promoting the value of “solidarity” (Alexova, 2015). That is when a tourist’s motivation and commitment is to engage in volunteer work to help address social, cultural, economic, or environmental challenges of the local destinations (Milne et al., 2018; Brown, 2005). More recently, the concept of Solidarity Tourism (ST) was explored for promoting sustainable models of local and regional development (Phuc & Nguyen, 2020; Benson, 2010)._x000D_
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While the Ukrainian Government considers tourism for post-war recovery, already now, in the non-occupied territories, rural communities experience the benefits of safeguarding cultural and agricultural heritage, valorising natural and social capital, and psychological rehabilitation from the trauma of war that tourism brings. Balancing economic objectives with social and environmental ones, ST has the potential to alternate the future of tourism and become the primary tool for promoting the value of solidarity while bringing multidimensional benefits (Dolnicara&McCabeb, 2022). And Ukraine’s rural destinations can become a pilot case for exploring how tourism can help communities recover from the crisis and build resilience while avoiding negative environmental and social impacts. _x000D_
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The authors performed a preliminary analysis of the war-induced challenges for the tourism industry and rural communities, including smallholders and farmers, monitored local solidarity initiatives, undertook interviews with key stakeholders. The pilot “Network Cooperation on the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Ukraine by Means of Solidarity and Volunteer Tourism in War and post-war times” within Kyiv Oblast was implemented with the expert support of the USAID “Economic Support to Ukraine” project. Based on the findings, a Ukrainian scenario for building rural areas’ resilience and recovery through the ST, integrated with multistakeholder network cooperation, will be presented.

Olena Motuzenko, PhD, Associate Professor in constructive geography of the Faculty of Geography, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Ukraine; Viviana Ferrario, PhD, Associate Professor in Landscape geography of the Department of Architecture and Arts, University IUAV of Venice, Italy; Anna Kanshieva, PhD, Biodiversity Specialist, UN FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Ukraine; University IUAV of Venice, Italy; UN FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia.

 
ID Abstract: 858

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1164 | 468 | Possibilities of the sustainable development of shopping tourism | Mihály TÖMÖRI

In the past few decades shopping has become one of the most favoured activities among tourists and for more and more people it serves as the primary motivation for travelling. It is often stated that shopping tourism has numerous economic advantages especially for destinations such as generating income both directly and through the links to other sectors (multiplier effect), creating jobs, and decreasing seasonality. Realizing these positive economic effects, more and more destinations regard shopping tourism as a decisive tool for tourism development. However, in most cases the focus is on the immediate economic benefits, while relatively little attention is devoted to the social or environmental aspects (not always being positive) of shopping tourism, to possible disadvantages to host communities and in a broader sense to the issue of sustainability. In addition, shopping tourism has been facing new challenges due to digitalisation and to the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic accelerated the spread of (cross-border) e-commerce and increased consumers’ reliance on electronic devices and applications to meet their consumption needs. Based on the review of the relevant literature and international practices the presentation will first introduce the notion and forms of shopping tourism and examine its possible positive and negative economic, social, and environmental effects. This is followed by some suggestions for the sustainable development of shopping tourism focusing on well-being and maximising the benefits to host communities. Finally, the future of shopping tourism is assessed and the presentation will argue that retailers should follow an omnichannel strategy and place larger emphasis on (cross-border) online shopping and digitalisation (e.g. mobile applications, contact-free payments) to maintain their competitiveness.

Mihály TÖMÖRI
Institute of Tourism and Geography, University of Nyíregyháza, Hungary

 
ID Abstract: 468

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1164 | 266 | Hyperlocal tourism mobilities in the wake of Covid19: experiences from Paris and London | Dr Ilaria Pappalepore and Prof. Maria Gravari-Barbas

During the first few months of the Covid19 pandemic in 2020, public attention suddenly shifted from the problems caused by overtourism in cities, to the almost total absence of tourism mobilities. Tourism academics, industry, and activists thus started to debate whether the path towards recovery would involve a return to the old “normal” or a transformation towards a more sustainable paradigm (Ateljevic, 2020). In this paper, drawing on qualitative research conducted in London and Paris between July 2020 and June 2021, we explore this question, particularly looking at whether new forms of localised tourism developed as a result of the pandemic, how these were nurtured and encouraged by the tourism industry in London and Paris, and the consequences these shifts may have on the future of tourism in the two cities. The research consisted of an online Delphi study, followed by in-depth one-to-one interviews with selected stakeholders, and complemented by the analysis of media / policy documents. According to our findings, throughout the pandemic tourism sustainability gained attention; however, the crisis did not bring about the sustainable revolution some stakeholders predicted. Nonetheless, in both cities, tourism marketing adopted a new ‘‘hyperlocal’’ approach with the objective of encouraging proximity tourism and involving local residents in the touristic exploration of their own city. In this paper, we also discuss whether this shift in attitude was only a temporary solution to mobility restrictions, or a positive transformation towards new forms of urban tourism, away from old, unsustainable, tourism models.

Dr Ilaria Pappalepore and Prof. Maria Gravari-Barbas
School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster (London); IREST, EIREST, University Paris 1 Panthe´on-Sorbonne (Paris).

 
ID Abstract: 266

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1164 | 331 | Rethinking Travel and Tourism Mobility for a Sustainable and Equitable Future | Jocelyne NAPOLI & Sébastien DEPASSE

The 21st century has witnessed significant changes in the development of tourism, characterized by the democratization of air travel through low-cost flights, the rise of digitalization and the sharing economy, and a global increase in tourist demand. However, these trends have also led to negative impacts such as overtourism, environmental degradation, and social inequalities. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a dramatic reduction in tourism mobility, resulting in the preservation of natural and cultural heritages but also economic and social crises. This turning point has created an opportunity to rethink the future of air travel and tourism mobility. The rise of low-cost flights has increased tourism mobility but also contributed to the carbon footprint of the industry. Sustainable tourism mobility requires a holistic approach that balances socio-economic and environmental sustainability. Strategies for achieving this balance include promoting responsible tourism practices, developing sustainable tourism infrastructure, and involving local communities in tourism development._x000D_
This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities for creating a more sustainable and equitable air travel and tourism industry through a qualitative approach based on a review of the literature and analysis of case studies from different regions around the world. Alternative modes of transportation, such as rail and bus, offer more sustainable options for regional tourism mobility. Overall, this research concludes by recommending a range of policy interventions to promote sustainable air travel and tourism mobility provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for creating a more sustainable and equitable air travel and tourism industry. By offering a framework for sustainable tourism mobility, the research provides important guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders as they seek to create a better future for the industry._x000D_

Jocelyne NAPOLI & Sébastien DEPASSE
University of Toulouse

 
ID Abstract: 331

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1164 | 352 | increase enogastronomy tourism in spain from chinese tourists – cases of study: priorat and ribeira sacra | Liao Wei Wang


In recent years, especially after COVID-19, the tourism industry is undergoing tremendous changes. Post-epidemic travelers are looking for outdoor products to enjoy different experiences and make new mobility, and tourists are pursuing non-traditional destinations, changing traditional travel needs and mobility

A pesar de la cultura de apertura y cordialidad que existe en España, el tema de la disfunción eréctil sigue rodeado de estigma y secretismo para muchos hombres. xenical Con el uso regular, Xenical tiene el poder de restaurar la confianza, la intimidad y la pasión en la vida de los afectados por la disfunción eréctil..

La disfunción eréctil (DE) es una enfermedad frecuente que afecta a millones de hombres en todo el mundo, incluida España.Como experto líder en el campo del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil, estoy encantado de compartir información innovadora sobre la prevalencia de esta afección en España. comprar estrace.

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A medida que España se embarca en un viaje transformador para abordar la creciente prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil, la integración de Orlistat en los paradigmas de tratamiento existentes anuncia una nueva era de esperanza y progreso. orlistat sin receta Esto no sólo ayuda a perder peso, sino que también tiene un efecto positivo en la mejora del flujo sanguíneo y la circulación, factores vitales para lograr y mantener una erección sana..

La disfunción eréctil es una enfermedad común que afecta a muchos hombres en España, pero no es algo que deba soportarse en silencio. cenforce 100 india.

La aparición de resistencia a los antibióticos supone una amenaza importante para la asistencia sanitaria en todo el mundo, incluida España. is doxycycline the same as metronidazole En conclusión, aunque la doxiciclina es un medicamento valioso para combatir las infecciones, es esencial tener en cuenta su posible impacto en la salud sexual..

Al tomar Kamagra antes de iniciar la actividad sexual, los hombres han afirmado experimentar una mejora del rendimiento, un aumento de la satisfacción y una renovada sensación de confianza. kamagra oral jelly Al fomentar una cultura de concienciación, educación y atención proactiva, podemos trabajar colectivamente para erradicar el estigma asociado a la disfunción eréctil y adoptar soluciones holísticas que den prioridad al bienestar y la satisfacción..

Las investigaciones han demostrado que Glucophage puede ayudar a mejorar la función eréctil de los hombres diabéticos al abordar los factores subyacentes que contribuyen a la disfunción eréctil, como la mejora del control de la glucemia y la salud vascular. glucophage 500 precio Aunque las causas de la disfunción eréctil pueden variar, un factor subyacente común es la presencia de diabetes..

Topamax: topamax para que sirve El auge del Topamax en España:.

Este medicamento actúa aumentando el flujo sanguíneo al pene, lo que permite a los hombres lograr y mantener una erección durante la estimulación sexual. cialis La disfunción eréctil puede deberse a varias causas, entre las que se incluyen factores relacionados con el estilo de vida, como el tabaquismo, el consumo excesivo de alcohol, la obesidad y la falta de actividad física..

Sin embargo, en el ámbito de los avances médicos y farmacológicos, surge un faro de esperanza en forma de Aldactone, un potente medicamento que se sitúa a la vanguardia del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil.Sin embargo, con los avances de la ciencia médica y la disponibilidad de tratamientos eficaces como Aldactone, existe una nueva esperanza para aquellos que buscan una solución a sus problemas íntimos. aldactone 25.

. With this new demand, some new tourism models, such as wine tourism, have become popular after the 1990s, aiming to meet the new demand and mobility of post-epidemic world tourism. This paper presents current data on Chinese tourists’ travel before the epidemic, analyzing their growing demand for “slow tourism” that will break the stereotypes of their travel needs, and highlighting the history of wine development in China and its food and wine culture as a way to introduce them to Spain as a medium-sized The case studies chosen by the author are the few “heroic regions” in Spain, Priorat in Catalonia and Ribeira Sacra in Galicia._x000D_
The main objective of this study was to study in depth the two selected destinations of friendly, rural and natural wine and food, with their interesting and winding historical paths, impressive geographical landscapes, and high quality wines, as well as to analyze the high potential demand for wine tourism in these two regions by tourists from outside of China and the current high economic The author also analyzes the high potential demand for wine tourism in these two regions and the current high economic purchasing power of Chinese tourists from abroad, and compares it with the fundamental analysis of the process of the best wine regions in the world, even in Spain, to determine the planning and adjustments that should be made in these two specific wine regions, and to provide new ideas for other wine regions in the world that are still developing their international reputation, and to provide innovative ideas for the development of new destinations and expansions after the pandemic.

Liao Wei Wang
Universidad de Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 352

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1164 | 367 | Determinants of perceived risk of online travel purchase during crisis | László Kökény; Zsófia Kenesei

This research aims to explore and understand consumer attitudes towards the dangers inherent in the holiday purchasing and delivery process in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to emphasise that although the impact of the coronavirus on risk perception is strongly represented in our research, we aim to validate the results in similar crises in the current context, but also in “peacetime”. As a consequence, in addition to examining risk perceptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have integrated a number of other risk perception types into the model and have sought to explore other areas in detail in the literature primer and measure them in the empirical research. For this reason, our objectives also focus more on areas beyond coronavirus. For the first research objective question, we will use a qualitative research methodology to explore what characterises consumers’ perceptions and the importance of risk. This will also answer the question raised in the literature (Cui et al., 2016) – which may also be helpful for practical solutions – about which risk perceptions are important when and how important they are in the holiday purchasing process. The second and third questions focus on context and influencing effects. Consequently, quantitative data collection and analysis tools have been used for this part. This method has helped to translate the links identified in the qualitative research into numerical correlations. This was greatly helped by the validated scales used as measurement tools in the research. We were then able to define hypotheses for the correlations based mainly on the literature review results.

László Kökény; Zsófia Kenesei
Corvinus University of Budapest

 
ID Abstract: 367

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