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1268 | 261 | Community energy in question: Two energy transitions vision in Norway and their implications | Krisjanis Rudus

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While the EU is actively promoting the integration of CE into its respective energy system, this has not been the case in Norway. Using the theory of sociotechnical visions, this paper reveals that the incumbent actors of the country’s energy sector envision the continuation of the centralized power production system, while more emergent actors anticipate CE functioning synchronously with utility-scale power plants in the future. For the actors in power, the promotion of CE is seen as an economically irrational alternative due to economies of scale and the potential cause for diverse justice concerns, such as favoring certain actors in the energy market and potentially disrupting the functionality of the existing grid system. The more emergent actors see CE as an opportunity to address some of the ongoing concerns in the Norwegian shift towards a low-carbon society, including public opposition to renewable energy infrastructure. There is evidence of a growing push for CE policy from some of the emergent actors, but so far, it has been met with institutional resistance. This paper shows how diverse approaches to transition are constructed and performed and the potential implications they have for the energy system and society. Such considerations are key to constructing a more robust energy policy and contributing to a more inclusive and transformative energy transition.

Krisjanis Rudus
Norwegian University of Science and Technology

 
ID Abstract: 261

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1267 | 890 | Is lack of housing a determining factor in rural depopulation? Evidences from a case study (Alto Palancia – Castellón – Spain). | Pau, P., Esparcia, J.

It is often pointed out that one of the main problems in rural areas, which is at the root of the intense depopulation processes, is the lack of housing. The press echoes these kinds of statements, made by politicians, technicians and academics alike. _x000D_
The context on which this research focuses is based on the hypothesis that there is not a problem of lack of housing, but rather of a blockage in the housing market, which is a partial and significantly different issue. Therefore, solutions such as the generation of a small stock of public housing, or rental housing exchanges, would be ineffective, and would have, if any, very local and short-range effects. If our hypothesis is true, it would be necessary to go to measures of profound reform in housing and urban planning regulations in rural areas, with the central objective of mobilising the housing market. _x000D_
Our research focuses on a case study, the Alto Palancia region in the interior of the province of Castellón (Spain). Depopulation processes have been present for several decades, but some municipalities also benefit from important improvements in their accessibility to and from the Metropolitan Area of Valencia. Aspects such as the age of the housing stock; the evolution of the number of new and second-hand housing transactions; the presence of 1st or 2nd residence dwellings, as well as empty dwellings; the weight of the different tenure regimes, with special attention to rented or recently purchased dwellings; the proportion of dwellings for sale, etc., are analysed. In a specific case, the housing stock is also analysed according to the relationship between three variables: inhabited/uninhabited, age of the dwellings and their condition. _x000D_
The results of this case study confirm that the stock of “available” housing is very large, and that structural measures are needed to force a much more significant part of that stock of rural housing into the market. _x000D_

Pau, P., Esparcia, J.
University of Valencia (Spain)

 
ID Abstract: 890

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1267 | 905 | Rural transport to deal with depopulation? A study of rural mobility habits in the province of Valencia (Spain). | Herráiz, C., Esparcia, J.

One of the difficulties often highlighted by the rural population focuses on mobility. Together with greater ageing (and greater difficulty of mobility), the decline in the direct provision of some services contributes to making rural mobility a very topical issue. _x000D_
This research focuses on 4 rural districts in Valencia, where a wide-ranging survey was carried out to find out about the transport habits of the local population and, from there, to detect bottlenecks and, where appropriate, alternatives to alleviate them. The data show that more than 80% of the surveyed population makes journeys. The main reasons are work (1/3 of journeys), specialised shopping (15%), leisure and sport (12%) or for medical services (8%). The county seats, both in the county itself and in neighbouring counties, attract most of the trips. _x000D_
Nevertheless, when analysing mobility by public transport, this barely accounts for 5% of all journeys. The main reasons are very diverse, but always present are access to medical services (25%), studies (20%), and specialised shopping (10%). _x000D_
The gap between private and public transport-based mobility highlights a huge mismatch between the current configuration of public transport services and the needs of the population, and the need for a profound rethink of this configuration. However, there are two major obstacles. Firstly, the “mortgage” of long-term concessions to private companies, which, due to their subsidies, they have no interest in changing. Secondly, the fact that a very large part of the population indicates that, even with a greater and more adequate supply of public transport, they would continue to use the usual private means of transport, due to the greater flexibility of the latter. Therefore, public transport seems to be “condemned” to focus not on a general offer for the rural population, but on those segments of demand that do not have the alternative of private transport (students, housewives and elderly people).

Herráiz, C., Esparcia, J.
University of Valencia (Spain)

 
ID Abstract: 905

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1267 | 955 | Local producers and new distribution platforms. Correos Market in depopulated rural Spain. | Dolores Sánchez Aguilera // Jaime Martínez Ruiz // Ángela Martínez Rivas

At the end of 2019, and in close connection with the restructuring of ministerial departments culminating in the creation of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge, the state-owned Correos company launches an initiative that adds to the long list of initiatives aimed at addressing the so-called demographic challenges in Spain (identified by the administration as depopulation, territorial dispersion, progressive aging, low birth rate and the effects of the floating population). _x000D_
The launch of an online trade/distribution platform – the marketplaces – is accompanied by a media marketing campaign with the hashtag #yomequedo that emphasizes the role of this platform in offering small local producers the possibility to make their products visible, market and reach the whole of Spain. The dense network of post offices and the advantageous positioning from the point of view of economic conditions were among the strong points to consolidate the format in Spanish rural areas. On the other hand, the outbreak of the COVID pandemic and the restrictions of the last few years have given a notable boost to online commerce and to the rapid digitalization of many companies, even small and medium-sized ones._x000D_
In this scenario, this paper analyzes the territorial and sectorial implantation of the companies and producers that offer their products on the Correos Market platform in order to evaluate their diffusion in Spanish rural areas.

Dolores Sánchez Aguilera // Jaime Martínez Ruiz // Ángela Martínez Rivas
Dept. de Geografia, Universitat de Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 955

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1267 | 992 | Territorial exclusion as one cause of depopulation and ageing in Aragon | Mª Pilar Alonso Logroño1, Pilar Gargallo Valero2, Luis Lample Gracia3, Carlos López Escolano4, Jesús Miguel Álvarez5, Manuel Salvador Figueras6

The demographic and rural development policies that have been carried out so far have not been effective against depopulation, perhaps because they have been applied in a homogeneous manner and without taking into account the plurality of territories or the real needs of the citizens of each municipality. Depopulation and ageing do not affect all Aragonese municipalities uniformly and may have different causes. Hence, the need to adapt to the demographic, economic and social circumstances of each of them, which require adopting different action, measures depending on the locality. Within this context, the main objective of the work is, therefore, to develop a methodology that allows establishing the differences in the depopulation and ageing processes in which the Aragonese municipalities are immersed, providing a typology of spaces based on their degree of socioeconomic exclusion. For this, firstly, the factors that measure the different aspects that explain the territorial exclusion of the different municipalities are identified. These factors allow, on the one hand, diagnosing the degree of exclusion of each territory and, on the other, to determine the variety of population dynamics existing between the different Aragonese municipalities. Once these factors and their indicators have been identified, multivariate analysis techniques are used to establish the various profiles of territorial exclusion existing in Aragon and their relationship with the problem of depopulation and ageing. The determination of these profiles will be useful to generate response strategies and design policies to combat depopulation adapted to the situation of each municipality that guarantee adequate living conditions and that allow rerouting the spatial planning of the Aragonese region.

Mª Pilar Alonso Logroño1, Pilar Gargallo Valero2, Luis Lample Gracia3, Carlos López Escolano4, Jesús Miguel Álvarez5, Manuel Salvador Figueras6
1Facultat de Lletres/Departament de Geografia i Sociologia/Universidad de LLeida, Pl. Víctor Siurana, 1. 25003 Lleida. pilar.alonso@udl.cat
2Facultad de Economía y Empresa/Departamento de Economía Aplicada/Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. Member of the IEDIS (Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Empleo, Sociedad y Sostenibilidad). pigarga@unizar.es
3Facultad de Economía y Empresa/Departamento de Contabilidad y Finanzas/Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. llample@unizar.es
4Facultad de Filosofía y Letras/Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio/Universidad de Zaragoza, San Juan Bosco, 7, 50009 Zaragoza. cle@unizar.es
5Facultad de Economía y Empresa/Departamento de Economía Aplicada/Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. jamiguel@unizar.es
6Facultad de Economía y Empresa/Departamento de Economía Aplicada/Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. Member of the IEDIS (Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Empleo, Sociedad y Sostenibilidad). salvador@unizar.es

 
ID Abstract: 992

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1267 | 521 | What Left-Behindness tells us about population decline? Policies and everyday life in a rural shrinking municipality | Maryame Amarouche, Nora Nafaa, Vincent Beal, Max Rousseau

For years, rural areas have been overlooked in political and academic discussions. They are now the focus of a complex narrative, with both negative and positive elements. On the one hand, there’s the negative narrative of territorial inequalities highlighted by the Yellow Vest movement in France. On the other hand, there’s the positive narrative of marginal rural areas as a refuge during the pandemic. The “left behind places” concept allows to reframe our approach. Instead of focusing solely on the symptoms of shrinkage, left-behindness questions the rise of inequalities that have led to the marginalization of territories that were once integrated into national dynamics considering the political and social consequences of these developments._x000D_
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Where the State has withdrawn from several policy sectors, we examine the demographic, economic, and social decline by analyzing the mechanisms of marginalization and their effects on public policies and local action. To do so, we focus on La Grand Combe, a city that has lost two-thirds of its population since the closure of the coal mine, moving from an “urban” to a “rural” space. Since then, the central State has managed La Grand Combe minimally, providing only minimal and now fading services for those unable to leave the shrinking city._x000D_
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We first discuss the concept of left-behindness as a theoretical framework for analyzing rural population decline, and then conduct an in-depth study and the various aspects of population decline in rural areas. This helps characterize the effects of decline at the intersection of public policies and the everyday needs of the remaining inhabitants, including housing, healthcare, and social assistance. Finally, we question a French-style “left behind.” These territories are not entirely abandoned but not entirely preserved either. Instead, they emerge as places where new forms of political resentment take root and alternative solutions can be explored.

Maryame Amarouche, Nora Nafaa, Vincent Beal, Max Rousseau
Université Lyon 3 – UMR EVS-CRGA; Université de Strasbourg – UMR SAGE; CIRAD – UMR Art’Dev

 
ID Abstract: 521

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1267 | 537 | Challenges and Opportunities of aging population in rural Mongolia | E. Nomin

Mongolia, like many other countries around the world, is facing a rapidly aging population in rural areas. As Mongolia becomes increasingly urbanized, its rural populations are struggling with challenges of aging. Mongolia has experienced rapid urbanization in the past two decades, with many people moving from the countryside to the cities in search of better employment opportunities and access to social services. According to the National Statistical Data, as of 2000, the ratio of residents was 57% in cities and 43% in rural areas, and as of 2021, it was 70% in cities and 30% in rural areas. This trend has left rural areas with an aging population that is increasingly vulnerable to economic insecurity, social isolation, and health care problems. Many older adults in rural Mongolia rely on their children for support due to the nomadic and agrarian lifestyle, but as younger generations move to urban areas in search of better opportunities such as education, job, this traditional source of support is becoming increasingly uncertain. All that happens under the highly specific circumstances of low population density and dispersed population in rural regions. On the other hand, it has opportunities for experience that can be shared with younger generations, particularly in traditional areas such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts. As older people in rural Mongolia have a deep connection to the land and traditional ways of life, they may be key players in promoting sustainable development practices that protect the environment and support the local economy. However, the challenges and opportunities of aging in rural Mongolia have received relatively little attention. This research will present the findings of a study that aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities of aging in rural Mongolia.

E. Nomin
University of Pécs, Hungary

 
ID Abstract: 537

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1267 | 807 | Rural smartness against territorial marginality: policies, discourses and perceptions | Valentina Albanese, Teresa Graziano (corresponding)

Over the last years, smart technologies have been widely considered as a panacea to overcome territorial marginality, especially in rural areas where digitalization and smart innovation could face the main challenges of depopulation and socio-economic deprivation. In particular, at the European scale the Smart Village Action was launched in 2017 in order to deal with the so-called “circle of decline” , thus showing to what extent rural smartness has been recently gaining momentum in transnational cohesion policies._x000D_
The proposal aims at critically exploring the paradigm of Smart Village as a recently-emerged framework of territorial governance in order to scrutinize what are the related mainstream discourses and perceptions at the national scale by providing a critical mapping of the Smart Village projects implemented in Italy within the European Union action._x000D_
From a methodological point of view, a Qualitative Policy Document Analysis will be carried out on UE and Italian official documents through content/world cloud analysis to deconstruct the main narratives emerging from UE and national policies; the results of this first step will be compared with the software-based Sentiment Analysis in order to evaluate potential conflicts and/or conflicting narratives about the Smart Village paradigm._x000D_
The research can provide new theoretical insights on the concept of Smartness going beyond the urban dimension, as well as new methodological approaches combining traditional methods (such as content analysis) with more innovative ones (world cloud & software-based Sentiment Analysis) in order to critically deconstruct how smartness is mobilized in and for rural areas._x000D_

Valentina Albanese, Teresa Graziano (corresponding)
University of Insubria, Como (Italy); University of Catania (Italy)

 
ID Abstract: 807

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1267 | 838 | Proof of life – fiscalization receipts as indicators of rural shrinking in Croatia | Luka Valozic, Aleksandar Lukic, Ivan Sisak


Rural depopulation is a serious problem across Europe, and existing research indicates that 40% of the EU’s area, home to nearly one-third of its population, is experiencing sustained population decline. Eastern and Southern Europe is the area where rural depopulation is most widespread. In Croatia, which lost almost 10% of its total population between 2011 and 2021, rural depopulation affected more than 90% of rural areas, with a total loss of almost 200,000 inhabitants (DEGURBA classification). However, demographic decline, often referred to as simple shrinking, only partially reveals the multi-faceted nature of complex rural shrinkage processes that can impact the economy and society at large, triggering cumulative causation and vicious cycles of decline

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. To gain a deeper understanding of complex shrinkage in rural Croatia, especially its economic dimension, this research focuses on the business environment. To explore new opportunities for this task, we investigated recently available datasets of fiscal receipts obtained from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia – Tax Administration – for the period from the beginning of 2018 to the end of 2022 at the spatial level of settlements (6750 units). Mandatory fiscalization of cash transactions was introduced into Croatian economic legislation in several phases, but as of July 2017, almost all businesses, small and large, were required to operate with such a system and issue fiscal receipt after each transaction. The spatial data analysis and visualization for the mentioned five years period gives a insight into the two important variables for fiscalization transactions: number of receipts and amount of money. The initial data processing in GIS gives a clear picture of the economic landscape of rural Croatia, which consists of active regions and vast areas that either have no significant economy or whose economy is ‘under the radar of fiscalization’ (informal or grey economy).

Luka Valozic, Aleksandar Lukic, Ivan Sisak
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography

 
ID Abstract: 838

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1267 | 875 | Defining the dimensions of depopulation through the Valencian press (Spain). | Pla, J., Esparcia, J.

Depopulation is a demographic and territorial phenomenon, but also a media phenomenon. In fact, there is no doubt that the development of a media narrative has contributed significantly to its having a major social impact. The concern shown by the Spanish population in the CIS surveys is a good example of this, especially in certain regions of Spain. It also seems logical that the presence of the media is reflecting this social concern, and here the echo from different civil society and political organisations plays an important role. _x000D_
This research, largely based on the Geography of Communication, studies the different dimensions of depopulation through the Valencian regional press. There are two main objectives. Firstly, to define what these dimensions or predominant themes are, and the importance they have in terms of their media treatment. Secondly, to carry out a longitudinal analysis in order to define how the phenomenon of depopulation has evolved, both globally and in its different themes, from 1996 to the present day. _x000D_
The main sources for this research are journalistic pieces from two of the three main newspapers in the region of Valencia, Las Provincias and El Periódico Mediterráneo. From a methodological point of view, a compilation was carried out using the My News database, the only one that allowed us to go back as far as 1996. From this point, a double analysis was carried out. Firstly, quantitative, taking into account the frequency of journalistic pieces on the different themes (10 themes, from the environment to public policies, including mobility, tourism, services, housing, entrepreneurship, etc.) and periods (5 periods since 1996). Secondly, qualitative (using AntConc textual analysis software), which has allowed us to analyse the association of terms and, from there, to reconstruct the different narratives around each of the key themes. _x000D_

Pla, J., Esparcia, J.
University of Valencia – Spain

 
ID Abstract: 875

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