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1267 | 307 | Typologies of rural vulnerability in Spain | Beatriz Pierri-Daunt, Sergio Villamayor-Tomas, Daniel Gaitan, Esteve Corbera


Rising concerns about pre-existing threats to food security and livelihoods have influenced the political and scientific debate regarding the vulnerability of rural landscapes as a social-ecological system. We identified spatially and statistically the main typologies of rural vulnerability to climate change, depopulation and globalization of agricultural markets in rural Spain. We acquired the data from different sources that measure three stressors (climate change, depopulation and globalization) and components (sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity) at the municipal level. We performed principal components analysis followed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Cluster 1 grouped the most vulnerable municipalities to depopulation, as it presented the highest decrease in population growth, the highest number of aged and young people, the lowest connectivity to rural areas, the highest proportion of small centers and low adaptive capacity in terms of percentage of social infrastructures. Further, cluster 1 has the highest average in economic loss, associated with a high dependence on agricultural activities that are vulnerable to competition from imported food products. Cluster 2 is characterized by the highest decrease in rainfall rates and the highest dependence on agricultural activities that are very sensitive to rainfall. Municipalities in this cluster were sensible and exposed to depopulation as well. Municipalities grouped into cluster 3 are distinctively exposed to temperature increases and sensitive to wildfire increases and soil erosion, which makes them highly vulnerable to climate change. Cluster 4 grouped municipalities that presented a high dependence on agricultural export activities. The mapped typologies of vulnerabilities can support the implementation of rural development policies as they provide the multidimensional characterization of the interaction of several threats and strengths in rural landscapes as a social-ecological system. _x000D_

Beatriz Pierri-Daunt, Sergio Villamayor-Tomas, Daniel Gaitan, Esteve Corbera
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB)

Mediante la inhibición de enzimas específicas responsables de impedir el flujo sanguíneo al pene, Xenical desencadena una cascada de respuestas fisiológicas que culminan en una erección robusta y duradera. xenical foro En los vibrantes paisajes de España, donde la pasión y la vitalidad prosperan, existe una lucha silenciosa que muchos hombres enfrentan – Disfunción Eréctil (DE)..

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A pesar de la prevalencia de esta afección, muchos hombres sufren en silencio debido al estigma que rodea a la DE. viagra femenina Una evaluación exhaustiva puede ayudar a determinar las causas subyacentes de la disfunción eréctil y a identificar el enfoque terapéutico más adecuado..

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Con la investigación en curso y los avances en el tratamiento de la diabetes, el futuro parece prometedor para las personas que viven con diabetes en España.La ventaja de Glucophage: glucophage xr.

En el vibrante tapiz de España, donde la pasión y la cultura se entrelazan, el problema de la disfunción eréctil puede parecer una sombra que acecha en segundo plano.Al arrojar luz sobre este problema que a menudo se pasa por alto y explorar el potencial de medicamentos como Topamax, esperamos suscitar conversaciones, aumentar la concienciación y, en última instancia, animar a las personas a buscar el tratamiento que se merecen. topamax migraña.

Las razones van desde factores relacionados con el estilo de vida, como el estrés, los hábitos poco saludables y la obesidad, hasta enfermedades subyacentes, como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y los desequilibrios hormonales.En los últimos años, la introducción de medicamentos como Cialis ha transformado el panorama del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil. cialis precio.

Sin embargo, en el ámbito de los avances médicos y farmacológicos, surge un faro de esperanza en forma de Aldactone, un potente medicamento que se sitúa a la vanguardia del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil. aldactone 25 Una de las principales formas en que Aldactone ayuda a combatir la disfunción eréctil es bloqueando la acción de la aldosterona, una hormona que puede contribuir a la disfunción vascular y endotelial..

. Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

 
ID Abstract: 307

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1267 | 499 | PhD candidate | Andrea Di Bernardo

In March 2020, the Framework Program agreement for the Grand-Paradis Internal Area was signed in the context of the policy Strategia Nazionale Aree Interne (Italian National Strategy of Inner Area) of the Agency for Territorial Cohesion. The agreement classified the Espace Grand Paradis as an inner area – in the Aosta Valley region – and it comprises 13 municipalities with a total of about 15.000 residents. As the other classified Italian inner areas, the Espace Grand Paradis faces challenges concerning management and the supply of services, the establishment of collaboration and exchange between high and lower valleys areas and a lack of public engagement. However, the negative trends in the provision of essential services are not the only problem. Interventions are needed to improve the liveability of places through the creation of opportunities and the enhancement of the richness of territories. To do so, the involvement of communities in policy choices and in the design of development strategies is key. _x000D_
This research is intended to be participatory, and it is aimed at understanding how local knowledge and the interactions of local communities foster local development and the design of a development strategy, through participatory meetings with the local administrators and the various stakeholders.

Andrea Di Bernardo
Polytechnic of Turin

 
ID Abstract: 499

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1267 | Rural depopulation in the context of rural shrinking: towards a multidimensional perspective | Javier Esparcia Pérez (1); Solores Sánchez Aguilera (2)

Depopulation processes are a clearly emerging issue, largely because it has been placed on the public agenda and in public policies in recent years. However, it is not a new issue, nor does it affect only rural areas, although it is in rural areas where it is most evident. It is closely related to changes in natural increase in developed countries, the increasing reduction in birth rates and the lack of “compensation” resulting from migratory flows (international and national). In the same way, demographic ageing is a recurrent theme in Europe and other developed countries, as research and reports on countries such as Japan, the United States and Australia also highlight. These countries are also increasingly talking about depopulation.
As far as rural areas are concerned, however, depopulation has to be contextualised in the framework of rural decline, the famous rural shrinking. Here, as many reports, for example from ESPON (and previously, many other studies), have rightly highlighted, rural decline goes beyond the phenomenon of depopulation. Many authors have referred to the spiral of rural decline to refer to these mechanisms. In this sense, when we talk about depopulation, we must bear in mind that we are dealing with a multidimensional phenomenon, which incorporates the demographic variable, but which also has a clear economic, social, historical-cultural, environmental, etc. nature. Depopulation also has a clear territorial nature.
This working session focuses on the phenomenon of depopulation, from this broad perspective, in the context of processes of rural shrinking. It is therefore open to analyses focusing on (but not only):
a)Demographic dynamics (trends, prospects, socio-territorial implications, ageing, demographic scenarios, etc.) and the active population (levels of training, activity, occupation, labour market and the role of women, young people and immigrants in it).
b)Legal-administrative systems (which, at different territorial scales, are linked to support for entrepreneurship and employment, the provision of public services in rural areas).
c)Support systems, with particular reference to the demand and provision of services (public, such as health or education, and private, such as commercial services) and delivery models; housing market dynamics, regulatory frameworks and policies or actions; social services and quality of life; connectivity and digital divide; etc.
d)Productive-business environments in rural areas, local productive systems, labour markets and business climate. This includes the analysis of business networks and innovation networks, leadership, the role of cooperation processes and new governance mechanisms, the social economy, skills management models, and the role of women, young people and immigrants in these productive systems, among others.
e)Civic-social and institutional environments, considering the stocks of different types of social capital in rural territories, the presence and role of innovation and civic-social and institutional leadership, and the presence of women, young people and immigrants in civic-social and institutional structures.
f)Finally, analyses that make it possible to assess and evaluate the policies that have been applied in recent years by different bodies in different sectors and spheres.
In summary, the session has a broad and multidimensional perspective, ranging from more comprehensive analyses to case studies.

Javier Esparcia Pérez (1); Solores Sánchez Aguilera (2)
(1) Instituto de Desarrollo Local / Universidad de Valencia, (2) Universitat de Barcelona

 
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1267 | 48 | Identifying key factors in the emergence and development of social innovation in rural areas | Néstor Vercher; Javier Esparcia; Juan Ramón Gallego

In recent years, social innovation has attracted growing attention in rural studies to underline the social dimension of development processes. This concept allows us to set stronger emphasis on innovations that improve the social development and social competitiveness of communities, beyond a pure business, technological or market logic. Through the reconfiguration of social relations, rural communities devise new initiatives that build social and cultural capital, which will help them to adapt to external changes, become more resilient, and face key challenges such as depopulation. In this research we analyse several case studies located in rural areas of Spain and the UK. The cases are linked to agriculture, forestry and land ownership, socio-environmental conflicts, and social exclusion. We mainly implement qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and participant observation), gathering data from more than 70 personal interviews. The aim of the study is to identify key elements in the emergence and development of social innovation in rural areas. The main findings show the importance of combining needs and opportunities when conceiving social innovation projects, the participation of public actors and the combination of bottom-up and top-down processes, and the role of facilitators and perceived neutrality. In addition, the results stress the relevance of social economy entities and collective leadership to deliver long-term and sustainable outcomes in social innovation processes. The study can inform social innovation scholars and practitioners about the set of complex factors influencing this phenomenon as well as how to better support social innovation in the field.

Néstor Vercher; Javier Esparcia; Juan Ramón Gallego
University of Valencia

 
ID Abstract: 48

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1267 | 175 | Identity as a linking factor between territory and population. The case of Casabermeja (Málaga). | Marta Pastora Fernández Bustamante


The subject of this work is prove if the identity is a linking factor between population and territory, so, through a poll made to the populitation between 15 and 34 years to the population of Casabermeja, several questions have been asked to demonstrate this fact empirically

**El camino a la redención: Abrazando un futuro libre de disfunción eréctil con Xenical**.Vamos a profundizar en el mundo de la disfunción eréctil en España y explorar el factor X de Xenical en la lucha contra esta condición. xenical foro.

Un medicamento que ha demostrado ser prometedor en el tratamiento de la DE es Estrace (estradiol).En las bulliciosas calles de España, donde la pasión es profunda y el romanticismo inunda el aire, existe una lucha silenciosa que asola la vida de muchos hombres: la disfunción eréctil (DE). comprar estrace.

Al comprender las causas de la disfunción eréctil, buscar orientación profesional y considerar los beneficios de Viagra, los hombres en España pueden tomar medidas proactivas para recuperar su salud sexual y disfrutar de relaciones íntimas satisfactorias.4. viagra sin receta.

3. orlistat opiniones Al buscar la orientación de profesionales de la salud y adoptar enfoques holísticos para el tratamiento, los hombres pueden superar los desafíos que plantea la disfunción eréctil y recuperar su vitalidad y confianza en el dormitorio..

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Aunque Kamagra puede hacer maravillas para recuperar la función sexual, es fundamental que los hombres consulten a un profesional sanitario antes de iniciar el tratamiento. kamagra online La importancia de buscar asesoramiento profesional:.

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En España, Cialis se ha convertido en una opción popular entre los hombres que buscan un tratamiento fiable y eficaz para la disfunción eréctil.Además, Cialis ha demostrado ser eficaz en el tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil, independientemente de la causa subyacente, proporcionando alivio a aquellos que sufren de formas psicológicas y fisiológicas de la condición. cialis precio.

Cómo obtener Aldactone en España: aldactone 25mg En medio de esta búsqueda incesante, un rayo de esperanza brilla sobre un medicamento de renombre conocido como Aldactone..

. The town of Casabermeja, as many other towns of Málaga province’s inner, has suffered a big emigration by young people to cities like Málaga due to the lack of jobs positions or services. Although most young people want to stay in the village and feel that they belong to it, this is not enough to be able to establish itself in it for the future, complicating the possibility that the population of the village will increase in the medium and long term._x000D_
This work has served to make visibilized the fact that women participate more in decisions that have to do with their environment, having added a section that only talks about their opinion regarding the future of Casabermeja._x000D_

Marta Pastora Fernández Bustamante
UMA

 
ID Abstract: 175

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1267 | 192 | Short food supply chains as a driver of sustainable and comprehensive rural development | Viktoria, Cs. Czuppon; Viola, Somogyi; Katalin, Mozsgai; Agnes Tahy

Research shows that climate change has an increasing impact on the water cycle, and based on the results, the water cycle is changing faster than expected. This is highlighted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report 2021. Due to climate change, wet regions are getting wetter, while dry areas are becoming drier. Furthermore, the temperature increase on the continent caused by climate change is higher than the global average, which further aggravates the adverse effect on the freshwater balance. In addition, humanity is increasingly interfering with the water cycle to meet its own water needs. _x000D_
In a water catchment area, the water bodies, including rivers, lakes and groundwater and the economic and other types of activities carried out by the residents and businesses are interconnected. This interconnectedness becomes especially apparent in agriculture with regards to the food supply chain. _x000D_
Under the new CAP, local food supply chains will play an important role. The targets set out in the objectives, such as better positioning of farmers in food supply systems and increasing the competitiveness of rural areas, will all contribute to rural development and the competivivness of its. Local food-related inquiries have increased recently. This is partly due to the recognition that these foods are healthier and traceable, and partly due to the vulnerability of large food inspection systems. One of the basic elements of the local economic incentive is to support local products and producers and facilitate market access. Our research cites a number of examples where it has been successfully used to boost communities. However, different local needs and significant socio-economic and cultural differences mean that only a small number of instruments can be formulated in any one place. Furthermore, local producers and companies have to face with climate change related challanges._x000D_

Viktoria, Cs. Czuppon; Viola, Somogyi; Katalin, Mozsgai; Agnes Tahy
University of Pannonia; Institute of Agricultural Economics; General Directorate of Water Management

 
ID Abstract: 192

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1248 | 772 | Values and conceptions of natural heritage: examples of the São Paulo state, Brazil | Vitória Eichenberger

The field of cultural heritage has experienced great transformations through time – a chronological, typographical and geographical ampliation (Choay, 2001). Natural heritage is part of the discussions about this trajectory, wherein the many conceptions it acquired through time rely on different values, be it in a broader sense, or even in relation to nature and the very idea of heritage itself. It is observable that, traditionally, the field of natural heritage has based itself on ideas of monumentality, intangibility and, sometimes, on the idea of national identity – conceptions which emphasize certain social representations of nature, and which many times rely on the idea of “intrinsic value”. Although these are not fully overcome ideas, conceptions have broadened in our contemporaneity, aiming the paths of urbanization and exploration of “natural resources”, thus highlighting scientifical and ecological values of such areas, and even perspectives which also relate preservation to the dimension of daily life (Scifoni, 2006). The case study will deal with the preservation policies of natural heritage in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This study intends to demonstrate in what ways different values influenced preservation policies – which were considered by Brazilian researchers as innovative in the field, and in which the concept of landscape worked as a guiding north and the urban context where the heritage lied was considered, resulting in significant listings in the state. On the other hand, this study also intends to deal with the current process of deregulation of such policies, bearing in mind the functions attributed over these preserved areas, which often evidence a great contradiction between the values and intents involved, in a process which idealizes and at the same time pressures natural heritage._x000D_
The author: master’s degree student in geography at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, with a research internship period at Universidad de Sevilla.

Vitória Eichenberger
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

 
ID Abstract: 772

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1248 | 909 | Urban nature as a commons? Struggles and ideas from a vernacular dwelling | Ginevra Pierucci and Jose Angulo Fernandez

Based on the case study of the Cuevas in the metropolitan area of Granada, we propose a critical reflection on the patrimonialisation of Nature, bringing us closer to new ways of conceiving inhabiting. To this end, we will focus on the development of community practices as well as the recovery of ancient knowledge, mixing up etnographical, geographical, and sociological research methods on the field._x000D_
In this socionatural context, new geographies of coexistence between city and nature are emerging and consolidating in the idea of a ‘vernacular dwelling’. _x000D_
We will position ourselves in the topicality of the struggle that is being carried out for the recognition of the Cuevas as “montes vecinales de mano común” in opposition to the indications of the new Granada city plan, which foresees their replacement by an urban park._x000D_
We will investigate the scenarios of institutionalisation of vernacular living as a common good that could prevent the Cuevas from falling into processes of patrimonialisation of the nature.

Ginevra Pierucci and Jose Angulo Fernandez
Università di Padova e Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia; Universidad de Granada

 
ID Abstract: 909

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1248 | 929 | Defining natural heritage landscape ‘from below’. A case study from the Italian Dolomites | Sabrina Meneghello

Climate change, sudden natural disasters and global epidemic are considered by scholars (Prideaux, 2003) the adversities that require more attention from a tourism perspective, mostly in mountain destinations that are highly dependent on natural heritage landscapes (Richins & Hull, 2016). Recent reflections have been stressing the primary role of local communities in tourism responses to crises (Higgins-Desbiolles & Bigby, 2022; Imperiale, 2021)._x000D_
Drawn from these considerations, the study addresses the landscape-tourism nexus (Meneghello, 2021; Terkenli, 2004) as a conceptual filter to understand emerging meanings assigned to a specific Dolomites landscape by individuals and communities in a period of successive emergencies. _x000D_
The analysis zooms in on the specific area of the Biois Valley, a tourist destination in the Eastern Italian Alps , and on the specific time frame between October 2018 when the storm Vaia damaged part of the Valley’s forests and the 2021, in the middle of the Italian third wave pandemic. A series of semi-structured, in-field interviews allows to collect and compare the viewpoints of residents, operators and visitors concerning the changing role of natural heritage landscape in their perceptions and practices. _x000D_
The study highlights the significance of vernacular activities of landscape care in the (re)definition of natural heritage by people who never intervene in official decisions about landscape and tourism (Harvey & Waterton, 2015). In the framework of regenerative systems, which many tourism scholars advocate for the post-crisis relaunch (Cheer et al, 2021), these resilient practices show positive processes of co-construction and reconstruction of landscape meaning “from below” (Robertson, 2016) as a positive counter-answer to the dominant, often stereotyped and sensationalist, landscape narratives officially defined and promoted only for tourism purposes.

Sabrina Meneghello
University of Padua – Italy

 
ID Abstract: 929

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1248 | 140 | Landscape, heritage and violence: the case of UNESCO wine-growing areas in Italy | Fausto Di Quarto; Elena dell’Agnese

Landscapes are always the result of society-nature interaction, where spatial and environmental configurations are produced for certain purposes and through specific narratives and ideologies which shape them. Human communities and ecosystems are entangled in co-evolutionary processes which tend to legitimize the resulting assemblages. We embrace theoretically the concept of “slow violence” (Nixon, 2011), i.e. “a violence that occurs gradually and out of sight, (…) that is dispersed in time and space, and is generally not seen as violence at all”. We concentrate on a twofold investigation: first, on landscapes resulting from the debilitating physical work of agricultural workers; secondly, on negatively impacted communities with the by-products of agricultural monocultures such as chemical fertilizers in monocultures. In different aspects we question the heritagization process in three UNESCO sites, where vine-growing has slowly created variegated territorial effects: the research will concentrate on wine as an element of economic exploitation and related repercussions, such as touristification, environmental damage and human profiteering, drawing attention on the fact that the final outcome is often the opposite of what the Convention aims to promote. The paper focuses on the three Italian wine-growing landscapes covered by the Convention, namely Cinque Terre, the Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont (Langhe-Roero and Monferrato) and the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene. _x000D_

Fausto Di Quarto; Elena dell’Agnese
Università Milano-Bicocca

 
ID Abstract: 140

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