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1266 | 50 | “Winner” versus “loser” streets? Traffic calming and intra-neighbourhood equity | Samuel Nello-Deakin

# “Winner” versus “loser” streets? Traffic calming and intra-neighbourhood equity_x000D_
_x000D_
Barcelona’s superblock plan is widely acknowledged as an innovative model of street and public space transformation. Since the creation of the first superblock in 2016 and particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, superblock interventions — both tactical and permanent — have expanded significantly. However, the implementation of superblocks remains highly controversial. A main criticism of superblocks is they can lead to a growing differentiation of uses between streets, in which the newly traffic-calmed street becomes a lively public space, while the adjacent streets absorb the majority of motorised traffic. In other words, the implementation of superblocks may lead to the creation of “winner” and “loser” streets, which in turn can create tensions between residents and shopkeepers located on different streets, and raise the prospect of “green gentrification” on traffic-calmed streets. This presentation reports the preliminary findings of a research project examining the implications of superblock implementation from the perspective of *intra-neighbourhood* equity, i.e. between different streets in the same neighbourhood. This project seeks to provide a complementary perspective to existing research on the spatial equity of traffic reduction measures, which has primarily adopted an inter-neighbourhood perspective (i.e. exploring imbalances between neighbourhoods). The project explores inequities both from an objective and subjective perspective: on the one hand, it analyses how traffic externalities (i.e. noise, pollution, accidents) are distributed between streets, and how these have evolved through time; on the other hand, it explores these inequities from a qualitative perspective through in-depth interviews with key actors (e.g. residents/shopkeepers’ associations, local government).

Samuel Nello-Deakin
Autonomous University of Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 50

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1260 | 650 | A proposal for a system of indicators to measure the italian mountain | Ilaria Guadagnoli

The European mountains are multifaceted in terms of climate, ecology, economy, landscape and, at the same time, are the largest source of biodiversity, renewable energy, a place of leisure and tourism. These are general and acclaimed statements, but there is also a specific critical aspect: the lack of statistical data and the divergence of definitions and methods of analysis. This condition makes comparisons difficult (Gløersen et al., 2004) and does not allow to have a systematic vision of the European mountains._x000D_
In Italy, the issue is almost the same. For a long time, mountain space has been circumscribed in the definition of «intermediate landscape with fragile supply chains» (Varotto, 2020). A space characterized mainly by processes of abandonment and wildness, become far more pervasive of the processes of urbanization. This perspective seems to grasp only the vulnerability of the structural organization. However, in the last two decades, the mountain has progressively assumed its own “centrality”, both in terms of scientific and political debate. The objective is supporting the creation of a «polycentric solidarity structure in which the borders become the center» (Camaldoli Manifesto, 2019). Therefore, having a systematic vision of the dynamics and phenomena is now more useful than ever to stimulate sustainable development processes._x000D_
This contribution is part of a project titled “MIND – Mountains inside the Mountain – Narratives, dynamics and development paths: new readings”. At the macro-scale, the target is to define a potential set of indicators to be applied to official data on the basis of a survey of literature and to study the dynamics and phenomena to the base of socio-territorial evolutive processes, in according with “different marginality”. The creation of the Italian mountain’s knowledge framework will allow, in a second phase, to develop models of territory’s growth appropriate to the geographical mountain space.

Ilaria Guadagnoli
Sapienza Università di Roma

 
ID Abstract: 650

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1260 | 866 | Mapping Alpine Agriculture in Italy. Indicators, Trends and Narratives (1976-2022) | Viviana Ferrario, Hessam Khorasani Zadeh, Dana Salpina, Marianna Fabbrizioli

Mountains have largely been “measured” by means of thematic maps, based on spatialised quantitative indicators. Alps in particular have often been the object of specific map collections or Atlases, gathering and presenting economic, social and environmental data that can largely influence public perception and policy making. Agriculture is one of the traditional topics of these representations. What image of Alpine agriculture emerges from them? How did this image change over time? This paper attempts to answer these questions, relying on an archive of thematic maps of agriculture found in quantitative atlases and maps of the Italian Alps. These documents include both institutional maps made by national statistical institutes and maps made by scholars or groups of scholars. They are collected as part of the literature review of an ongoing research project on the Italian mountains called MIND (Mountains INsiDe the Mountain. Narratives, dynamics and development paths: new readings). _x000D_
After a brief presentation of the sample of maps being examined, we will show which data and what kind of indicators and trends are most frequently used and represented and how these representations evolved in time. Widening the focus, we will examine what narratives are vehiculated by these representations, trying to unravel the interplay between quantitative data and qualitative territorial images. Finally, the case of the Italian Eastern Alps will show how the newly available detailed data on land use/land cover can profoundly change certain conventional representations of mountain agriculture and landscape. _x000D_
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Viviana Ferrario, Hessam Khorasani Zadeh, Dana Salpina, Marianna Fabbrizioli
Università Iuav di Venezia

 
ID Abstract: 866

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1260 | 930 | How to measure mountain attractiveness: a methodological framework for the Italian Apennines | Diana Ciliberti, Giuseppe Di Felice, Giada Mastrostefano, Monica Meini, Marco Petrella

How should we interpret the processes that still make the mountains an attractive place for a wide range of people? An attempt is made to answer this question, pointing out the need for a fruitful relationship between mountainousness and mountainity in the Italian Apennine mountains. The challenge is to place oneself in the perspective of those who weave particularly significant relational networks in such places. The territorialities of those who, on a daily or occasional basis, practice the mountains will therefore be the object of analysis, allowing us to assume a perspective of investigation that starts from inside the mountains to reach areas outside them as well, without setting pre-established limits in terms of altitude or lifestyles._x000D_
The study will be proposed starting from what we consider to be a kind of nodes, i.e., those areas that can be defined as central to establishing the mountain’s degree of attractiveness. More specifically, the aim is to suggest a methodology for analyzing the mountain that considers its relational systems, both internal and external, thus providing a conceptual framework that considers the various dimensions of attractiveness and the categories of analysis necessary for its measurement._x000D_
The contribution presents an initial application of this methodology to a case study identified in the central-southern Apennine area, High Molise. The interpretation of the dynamics at work in the selected nodes will serve as a guide for the definition of new indicators that will make it possible to measure the attractiveness of these middle mountains through the constitutive relationality of the territories concerned. The interpretation of the dynamics at work in the selected nodes will serve as a guide for the definition of new indicators that will make it possible to measure the attractiveness of these middle mountains through the constitutive relationality of the territories concerned.

Diana Ciliberti, Giuseppe Di Felice, Giada Mastrostefano, Monica Meini, Marco Petrella
University of Molise, Department of Biosciences and Territory-MoRGaNA Lab

 
ID Abstract: 930

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1260 | 44 | A century of population dynamics in the Romanian Carpathians (1910– 2020). Factors, spatial patterns and regional disparities | Marinela ISTRATE, Ionel MUNTELE, Haralambie ATHES


Our paper aims at analyzing the multifaceted tendencies of population dynamics in the area of the Romanian Carpathians, as well as the factors and spatial processes that can explain the disparities, discontinuities and tensions that ultimately shape the manifestations of demographic evolution._x000D_
Starting from the hypothesis of an existing set of well-known particularities of the three areas of the Romanian Carpathians (Eastern, Southern and Western), in close connection with the specific manner of using natural and human resources of each area, the main objective of our study is to pinpoint the significant aspects of depopulation and population redistribution. The database was established resorting to the censuses from 1910 to the present time. _x000D_
Coupled with a typology of population evolution, a regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between population size changes through time and other variables

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. The population growth rate was associated with population density, geographical position and accessibility, lithology, altitude, the degree of forestation and the surface of protected areas, occupational structure of the population etc. _x000D_
The results highlight the contrast between the sustained dynamic in the first part of our study period (1910 – 1966) and the subsequent decline, particularly in the case of establishments specialized in industrial extraction activities, where mining overshadowed the other forms of capitalizing on economic potential. Despite all this, clear signs and tendencies of revitalization and dynamism can be observed, especially where mountainous settlements are well adapted to the natural environment and can benefit from a significant tourism potential. The results can be useful for decision-makers, from local authorities planning their interventions to developing strategies and policies to address various demographic challenges._x000D_

Marinela ISTRATE, Ionel MUNTELE, Haralambie ATHES
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Romania

 
ID Abstract: 44

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1260 | 190 | Slope Vulnerability, Mass Wasting and Geo-hazards: Investigations and Mapping in Himalaya | Prof. Bindhy Wasini Pandey and Prof. V. S. Negi

The Himalayan geosystem is highly vulnerable and susceptible to many kinds of risks and hazards. Anthropogenic activities are continuously disturbing the natural ecosystem of the Himalaya. Human interference, unscientific developmental activities, agriculture extension, tourism activity and road construction are creating Geo-hazards. Soil erosion and landslides have been recognized as major hazards in the high-altitude region of Himalaya. The removal of the forest cover has accelerated the rate of soil erosion and mass wasting in the area. Steeper slopes, high relative relief and the presence of weathered, fractured/sheared rocks in addition to unfavorable hydrological conditions. The landslide hazard has become a common feature in Western Himalaya and its vulnerability is increasing at an alarming rate due to unplanned and uncontrolled constructions for infrastructural development. Overgrazing, deforestation, heavy rainfall, and tourism activities are identified as major responsible factors for rock fall, soil erosion and geo-hazards. The present research paper analyses and evaluates the risk analysis and livelihood vulnerability assessment and its adaptation for sustainable development in the near district headquarter (NDH) & away district headquarter (ADH) method including a weighted matrix index. Qualitative research methods including participatory research approaches (PRA) at the village level have been used for ecological challenges and risk assessment. Finally, the research examines the possible ways to improve the living standards of the local community through ecotourism, sustainable development and community disaster risk reduction (DRR) techniques.

Prof. Bindhy Wasini Pandey and Prof. V. S. Negi
*Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. ** Department of Geography, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

 
ID Abstract: 190

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1259 | 949 | The impact of studentification on local consumer society in Budapest | Bence Álmos Kiss, Gábor László Porhajas

In recent years, there has been a significant studentification process in Budapest. This research investigates the impact of studentification on a high-status district of Budapest using semi-structured interviews. The study reveals changes in consumption patterns, cultural norms, and social interactions. Based on the findings, the study suggests that local policies should be updated to accommodate the changing needs and preferences of the community, and to ensure that the benefits of studentification are shared equitably among all stakeholders.

Bence Álmos Kiss, Gábor László Porhajas
Corvinus University of Budapest, Doctoral School of International Relations and Political Science, Geopolitics and Sustainable Development Doctoral Program

 
ID Abstract: 949

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1260 | Measuring the mountain | Dario Bertocchi (1)

Mountains are complex ecosystems that involve several topics of analysis such as geographical, social-economic and demographic approaches to ongoing processes. The lack of a common and shared definition of mountain areas is a critical issue for developing a clearer research perspective about mountains. A common framework would enable a better understanding of the mountain environment and its challenges and would help to develop coherent policies to address them. This frame of work of a mountain area should include both physical and social geographical aspects measurable with the use of indicators. Physical aspects could focus on elevation, climate, vegetation, and landforms. Social aspects should incorporate population density, economic activities, and cultural aspects.
In relation to the mountain territories, dynamics, and topics such as mobility and connectivity, innovation, sustainable development, and territorial gaps are taking a different outlook and meaning due to local, regional and morphological specificities.
To better understand these systems, old and new methods of investigation about economic-social-cultural dynamics are required. In addition, multi-scalar approaches, from macro-regional to local specificities, should be exploited to provide data and analysis able to create and holistic study approach to mountains. Doing that, an identification of a series of indicators based on demographic distribution, heritage, accessibility, tourism, agriculture it’s a pre-requisite to better measure the mountain territories.
This session aims to collect international contributions dealing with quantitative and qualitative methodologies for analysing phenomena and processes occurring in mountains. In particular, the use of not-official data for example user-generated content, big data and sensors and new methods of qualitative analysis applied in case studies can offer new approaches to measure mountain areas’ characteristics. This session welcomes new critical reading of the diverse phenomena affecting the mountain, related to measuring the:

Depopulation and new forms of residency such as new, old and returning inhabitants and demographic trends (e.g. ageing, birth rate, feminisation, etc.).
Relationships between highlands and lowlands, also in terms of low/high density of land use, building and activities stocks, services, and people.
Concentration and/or lack of economic activities.
Tourism impacts and visitors’ behaviours, also in relation to recent trends such as overtourism and nature-based tourism.
Mobility and accessibility of mountain areas, focusing also on public transportation.
Mountain indicator systems.
Quantitative and qualitative methods to establish the attractiveness (connected to human activities and presence or flows of people) of mountain territories.
Local policies and implications.
Climate change impacts and scenarios.
Social practices and agricultural traditions, with the focus on better understanding community activism and local engagement.
Case Studies and on-field researchers. 

Dario Bertocchi (1)
(1) University of Udine, Italy

 
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1260 | 42 | Dynamics of Vegetation Cover in the high Himalayan Region | Pankaj Kumar

Climate change has been affecting various biophysical indicators in the recent decades. Changes in Biophysical indicators in the high Himalaya will further govern various socio economic phenomena directly dependent on land cover, land use, vegetation cover and also sensitive land surface temperature. Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) are some quintessential bio-physical parameters that have substantial impact on local environmental changes. The study aims to establish the relationship of LULC with various indices such as LST and NDVI all of which are noteworthy components to investigate about the changing landscape of an area. Landsat satellite images form the primary base of study along with secondary data sources which bind together the results. LULC, NDVI and LST were derived from Landsat data for 1980-2020. The spatial pattern were analyzed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a mono-window algorithm. The results of LULC denote that snow covered area (SCA) has decreased by nearly 56.19% since 1980 and vegetation cover has increased. The mean surface temperature of the Satluj basin has amplified by about 6.16°C (0.25/year) from 1996 to 2020. The increase in LST values is attributed to land cover dynamics precisely the decline of snow cover area and the emergence of vegetation zone at higher above the 4500 altitudes. The findings of the study will help understand various biophysical indicators amid climate change scenario in the high mountain environment and will be helpful in orienting land use land cover policy.

Pankaj Kumar
Department of Geography, University of Delhi

 
ID Abstract: 42

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1259 | 802 | A mixed methods research on temporary populations in Rome | Barbara Brollo

As part of an extensive research on Rome’s nonresident population, I propose a mixed-methods research to analyze as deeply as possible this phenomenon that, by definition, eludes statistics. After a brief description of the data that can be drawn from official sources, I present a study that attempts to hold together structural and relational aspects, trends of phenomena at the urban level and motivations and implications at the individual level. Through a questionnaire and subsequent interviews I profile the study participants from the standpoint of origin, level of education, spending capacity and other sociodemographic characteristics; I collect data on housing practices, especially in terms of location, type of housing and housing changes; and I delve the sphere of imaginaries, perceptions, motivations and expectations, which play an important role in processes such as the choice, or need, for temporary living. The chosen methodology thus allows combining aspects related to objective knowledge of the phenomenon with interpretive issues._x000D_
The results show a high propensity for mobility among respondents – the experience of a few months or years in Rome is part of a sequence of temporary experiences in different cities – and much higher educational qualifications than the population average. Specificities then emerge related to the city of Rome, a place that is source of fascination for its millennial history but also unlivable due to the lack of efficient public services and a local economy uncapable of valuing workers. Temporary living thus appears more as a strategy of rent extraction and consumption than a development process for the city and the people involved._x000D_

Barbara Brollo
Università La Sapienza

 
ID Abstract: 802

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