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1267 | 192 | Short food supply chains as a driver of sustainable and comprehensive rural development | Viktoria, Cs. Czuppon; Viola, Somogyi; Katalin, Mozsgai; Agnes Tahy

Research shows that climate change has an increasing impact on the water cycle, and based on the results, the water cycle is changing faster than expected. This is highlighted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report 2021. Due to climate change, wet regions are getting wetter, while dry areas are becoming drier. Furthermore, the temperature increase on the continent caused by climate change is higher than the global average, which further aggravates the adverse effect on the freshwater balance. In addition, humanity is increasingly interfering with the water cycle to meet its own water needs. _x000D_
In a water catchment area, the water bodies, including rivers, lakes and groundwater and the economic and other types of activities carried out by the residents and businesses are interconnected. This interconnectedness becomes especially apparent in agriculture with regards to the food supply chain. _x000D_
Under the new CAP, local food supply chains will play an important role. The targets set out in the objectives, such as better positioning of farmers in food supply systems and increasing the competitiveness of rural areas, will all contribute to rural development and the competivivness of its. Local food-related inquiries have increased recently. This is partly due to the recognition that these foods are healthier and traceable, and partly due to the vulnerability of large food inspection systems. One of the basic elements of the local economic incentive is to support local products and producers and facilitate market access. Our research cites a number of examples where it has been successfully used to boost communities. However, different local needs and significant socio-economic and cultural differences mean that only a small number of instruments can be formulated in any one place. Furthermore, local producers and companies have to face with climate change related challanges._x000D_

Viktoria, Cs. Czuppon; Viola, Somogyi; Katalin, Mozsgai; Agnes Tahy
University of Pannonia; Institute of Agricultural Economics; General Directorate of Water Management

 
ID Abstract: 192

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1248 | 772 | Values and conceptions of natural heritage: examples of the São Paulo state, Brazil | Vitória Eichenberger

The field of cultural heritage has experienced great transformations through time – a chronological, typographical and geographical ampliation (Choay, 2001). Natural heritage is part of the discussions about this trajectory, wherein the many conceptions it acquired through time rely on different values, be it in a broader sense, or even in relation to nature and the very idea of heritage itself. It is observable that, traditionally, the field of natural heritage has based itself on ideas of monumentality, intangibility and, sometimes, on the idea of national identity – conceptions which emphasize certain social representations of nature, and which many times rely on the idea of “intrinsic value”. Although these are not fully overcome ideas, conceptions have broadened in our contemporaneity, aiming the paths of urbanization and exploration of “natural resources”, thus highlighting scientifical and ecological values of such areas, and even perspectives which also relate preservation to the dimension of daily life (Scifoni, 2006). The case study will deal with the preservation policies of natural heritage in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This study intends to demonstrate in what ways different values influenced preservation policies – which were considered by Brazilian researchers as innovative in the field, and in which the concept of landscape worked as a guiding north and the urban context where the heritage lied was considered, resulting in significant listings in the state. On the other hand, this study also intends to deal with the current process of deregulation of such policies, bearing in mind the functions attributed over these preserved areas, which often evidence a great contradiction between the values and intents involved, in a process which idealizes and at the same time pressures natural heritage._x000D_
The author: master’s degree student in geography at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, with a research internship period at Universidad de Sevilla.

Vitória Eichenberger
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

 
ID Abstract: 772

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1248 | 909 | Urban nature as a commons? Struggles and ideas from a vernacular dwelling | Ginevra Pierucci and Jose Angulo Fernandez

Based on the case study of the Cuevas in the metropolitan area of Granada, we propose a critical reflection on the patrimonialisation of Nature, bringing us closer to new ways of conceiving inhabiting. To this end, we will focus on the development of community practices as well as the recovery of ancient knowledge, mixing up etnographical, geographical, and sociological research methods on the field._x000D_
In this socionatural context, new geographies of coexistence between city and nature are emerging and consolidating in the idea of a ‘vernacular dwelling’. _x000D_
We will position ourselves in the topicality of the struggle that is being carried out for the recognition of the Cuevas as «montes vecinales de mano común» in opposition to the indications of the new Granada city plan, which foresees their replacement by an urban park._x000D_
We will investigate the scenarios of institutionalisation of vernacular living as a common good that could prevent the Cuevas from falling into processes of patrimonialisation of the nature.

Ginevra Pierucci and Jose Angulo Fernandez
Università di Padova e Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia; Universidad de Granada

 
ID Abstract: 909

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1248 | 929 | Defining natural heritage landscape ‘from below’. A case study from the Italian Dolomites | Sabrina Meneghello

Climate change, sudden natural disasters and global epidemic are considered by scholars (Prideaux, 2003) the adversities that require more attention from a tourism perspective, mostly in mountain destinations that are highly dependent on natural heritage landscapes (Richins & Hull, 2016). Recent reflections have been stressing the primary role of local communities in tourism responses to crises (Higgins-Desbiolles & Bigby, 2022; Imperiale, 2021)._x000D_
Drawn from these considerations, the study addresses the landscape-tourism nexus (Meneghello, 2021; Terkenli, 2004) as a conceptual filter to understand emerging meanings assigned to a specific Dolomites landscape by individuals and communities in a period of successive emergencies. _x000D_
The analysis zooms in on the specific area of the Biois Valley, a tourist destination in the Eastern Italian Alps , and on the specific time frame between October 2018 when the storm Vaia damaged part of the Valley’s forests and the 2021, in the middle of the Italian third wave pandemic. A series of semi-structured, in-field interviews allows to collect and compare the viewpoints of residents, operators and visitors concerning the changing role of natural heritage landscape in their perceptions and practices. _x000D_
The study highlights the significance of vernacular activities of landscape care in the (re)definition of natural heritage by people who never intervene in official decisions about landscape and tourism (Harvey & Waterton, 2015). In the framework of regenerative systems, which many tourism scholars advocate for the post-crisis relaunch (Cheer et al, 2021), these resilient practices show positive processes of co-construction and reconstruction of landscape meaning “from below” (Robertson, 2016) as a positive counter-answer to the dominant, often stereotyped and sensationalist, landscape narratives officially defined and promoted only for tourism purposes.

Sabrina Meneghello
University of Padua – Italy

 
ID Abstract: 929

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1248 | 725 | The Refiguration of the Modern Conservation Regime: Space, Change and Botanical Knowledge | Jamie-Scott Baxter, Séverine Marguin


Botanical garden museums are undergoing profound transformations. At the beginning of the 21st century, refigurative processes associated with climate change, decolonisation, and advances in digital technology have led to a shift in the positioning of botanical gardens from Humboldtian collectors of nature to protectors of biodiversity and with this, caught between impulses of preservation and change. _x000D_
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In this paper, we examine this shift through a sociospatial perspective at Berlin’s Botanical Garden and Museum. Pursuing this investigation on two analytical levels, we analysed how the Berlin Botanical Garden is adapting to, or indeed struggling with a shifting conservation mission which necessarily includes heritage preservation, biodiversity protection, and energy conservation

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. Secondly, we consider in what ways these struggles signify a shift in the conservation regime itself, as the modernist logic upon which it emerged and spread is destabilising in the Anthropocene. To this end, we deployed the concept of staging nature as a way to describe and rethink the specific spatial ordering of botanical glasshouses and gardens as a multiplicity of social and ecological forces undergirded by colonial histories and Western scientific practices. _x000D_
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This opens the door to speculations on new ways of thinking natureculture in conservation, not only in extensive heritage landscapes but in everyday urban spaces which, as our study shows, are shaped and governed by institutions, actors, practices, and technologies concerned with the protection, preservation and control over human artefacts and nonhuman life, and how the inherited siloed approach of separating out these modes of conservation is clearly untenable._x000D_

Jamie-Scott Baxter, Séverine Marguin
Technical University Berlin

 
ID Abstract: 725

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1248 | 767 | Biogeocultural heritage as the integration of anthroscapes and bioscapes | Andres Moreira-Muñoz & Pablo Mansilla-Quiñones

Nowadays we are immersed in the “triple planetary crisis”: climate crisis, pollution crisis and biodiversity crisis. This relates to current advances in the knowledge about “planetary boundaries”. Also, cross-disciplinary studies are key to understand the evolving interconnections between the geosphere, the biosphere and the human societies. In this sense, landscape and geoheritage has emerged as a very relevant concept both from Earth sciences and related sciences linked to the conservation of biodiversity, landscapes and cultural diversity (including a decolonial perspective). Traditionally, there have been difficulties in the inventory, quantification, and consolidation of relevant geoheritage sites, especially as concerns the limited tools for an adequate understanding of its complex nature and multiple connections to other landscape values, including biodiversity, cultural values, and the more integrative concept of biogeocultural heritage. Additionally, virtual heritage techniques are now receiving much attention as a novel path to better conserve geoheritage values and sites by means of the use of advances in digital imaging technology to synthesize, reproduce, represent, and display information. We are applying our approach in specific territories within Latin America, in which the relation between the geosphere/biosphere/humans is explicitly defined as “territories for sustainability”. We are applying cross-disciplinary “earth stewardship science” by crossing inputs, approaches and data from Geospatial science, molecular biology, geophysics and social-environmental information. The concept seeks an integration where human activities dominate (Anthroscapes), with those in which nature features dominate (Bioscapes).

Andres Moreira-Muñoz & Pablo Mansilla-Quiñones
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Geografia

 
ID Abstract: 767

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1248 | 103 | «Do locals want a more natural landscape? Social perceptions of landscape changes triggered by the hunting ban in the Biosphere Reserve of Sierra Nevada (Spain)» | JOSÉ LUIS SERRANO-MONTES (1); LUZ MARÍA MARTÍN DELGADO (2); JONATAN ARIAS-GARCÍA (3) & JUAN IGNACIO RENGIFO GALLEGO (4)

In recent decades various international organizations have stressed the need to incorporate citizen participation in the processes of landscape protection, management and planning. For many years, hunting management has played an important role in the landscape shaping of a lot of Spanish rural areas. Sustainable hunting has been an economic activity that contributes to the multifunctionality and rural development of some protected areas in Spain. The application of art. 7 of Law 30/2014 (of December 3, on National Parks), has led to the ban of hunting in all the Spanish National Parks since December 2020. The abolition of hunting in these spaces is expected to trigger some significant landscape changes. For instance, in the absence of natural predators, a large part of the scientific community warns of the risk of overpopulation of different species of wild ungulates (deer, wild boar, Pyrenean ibex, …), leading to unknown ecological consequences. Likewise, the hunting ban is also expected to have several socio-economic effects on local communities such as the lack of incomes from hunting tourism or the increase of wildlife damage on farming systems. The projected scale of the landscape changes linked to the prohibition of hunting in the Spanish National Parks is already causing strong social reactions against and in favour of this restriction. In this context, the present work aims to make a first step toward understanding social attitudes around the prohibition of hunting in the Biosphere Reserve of Sierra Nevada (Spain). Through an online questionnaire the perception of local communities about landscape changes related to the hunting ban in the Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve is evaluated. Within the framework of landscape democracy, the study also aims to identify the aspirations of the locals regarding future landscape management of the protected area in the context of the hunting ban.

JOSÉ LUIS SERRANO-MONTES (1); LUZ MARÍA MARTÍN DELGADO (2); JONATAN ARIAS-GARCÍA (3) & JUAN IGNACIO RENGIFO GALLEGO (4)
(1) Department of Human Geography, University of Granada (Spain); (2) Department of Geography, University of Valladolid (Spain); (3) Department of Regional Geographic Analysis and Physical Geography, University of Granada (Spain); (4) Department of Art and Territory Sciences, University of Extremadura (Spain)

 
ID Abstract: 103

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1248 | 140 | Landscape, heritage and violence: the case of UNESCO wine-growing areas in Italy | Fausto Di Quarto; Elena dell’Agnese

Landscapes are always the result of society-nature interaction, where spatial and environmental configurations are produced for certain purposes and through specific narratives and ideologies which shape them. Human communities and ecosystems are entangled in co-evolutionary processes which tend to legitimize the resulting assemblages. We embrace theoretically the concept of “slow violence” (Nixon, 2011), i.e. “a violence that occurs gradually and out of sight, (…) that is dispersed in time and space, and is generally not seen as violence at all”. We concentrate on a twofold investigation: first, on landscapes resulting from the debilitating physical work of agricultural workers; secondly, on negatively impacted communities with the by-products of agricultural monocultures such as chemical fertilizers in monocultures. In different aspects we question the heritagization process in three UNESCO sites, where vine-growing has slowly created variegated territorial effects: the research will concentrate on wine as an element of economic exploitation and related repercussions, such as touristification, environmental damage and human profiteering, drawing attention on the fact that the final outcome is often the opposite of what the Convention aims to promote. The paper focuses on the three Italian wine-growing landscapes covered by the Convention, namely Cinque Terre, the Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont (Langhe-Roero and Monferrato) and the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene. _x000D_

Fausto Di Quarto; Elena dell’Agnese
Università Milano-Bicocca

 
ID Abstract: 140

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1248 | 152 | Alpine protected areas and landscape disneyfication: a critical perspective | Mosè Cometta

In the Alpine region, the creation of nature parks is often promoted with the intention of protecting the rural landscape, which is the result of a close interaction between human activities and nature. The creation of protected areas, however, is not always accepted by the local population. Drawing on two rejected proposals to establish a second national park in Switzerland, this paper seeks to interpret landscape protection initiatives in the light of the concepts of the right to the city and extended urbanisation._x000D_
Resistance to landscape protection can be understood as an attempt on the part of Alpine communities to maintain a certain autonomy in their way of life. Indeed, in the eyes of its detractors, the creation of a park responds to the tourist interests of urban dwellers and not to those of local community residents. This raises two fundamental questions:_x000D_
– the scale of reference on which the territory is managed (and the power relations that arise from this): protecting a territory implies depriving local communities of a certain autonomy, in the name of the common good on a larger scale;_x000D_
– protecting a landscape implies preventing activities that could transform it. However, this means privileging contemporary form over function – thus changing the connection between local communities and the territory that had originally created this very landscape._x000D_
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The relationship of an increasingly urbanised society with natural landscapes risks – both by virtue of the crucial role these landscapes play in identity construction and because of the economic weight of tourism – falling into a simple disneyfication of traditional rural landscapes. This prospect frightens several Alpine communities, who do not want to lose their right to live independently on their territory, thus raising a political issue that makes it more difficult to find effective ways to protect biodiversity._x000D_

Mosè Cometta
Università della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Urban and Landscape Studies

 
ID Abstract: 152

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1248 | | Our heritage common future. A counter-hegemonic perspective on natural heritage landscapes. | Giovanna Di Matteo (1); Margherita Cisani (2)


The concept of heritage is imbued in the past, while projecting towards the future. Scholars have demonstrated that dominant groups have the power to define what is worth preserving; however, heritage as a social and cultural construct is dynamic and can be challenged and contested. Similarly, meanings assigned to landscape by society can also change over time.
By considering heritage as a politicised process it is possible to expand the discourse beyond the perspective of conservation, management, and valorisation of natural and cultural heritage, in order to consider processes of deconstruction, reconstruction, and co-construction of everyday heritage landscapes, recognizing the role of individuals and groups in providing multivocal and alternative perspectives towards a common future. 
This session draws from the concepts of authorised heritage discourse, heritage from below and counter-hegemonic discourse, which pose the challenge of taking into account the often hidden narratives of non-experts and ‘non-elites’, with attention to everyday and vernacular heritage, including decolonial and feminist heritage. In this sense, while there is an expanding literature concerning cultural heritage, less investigated is the perspective of natural or hybrid heritage.
Environmental geography and political ecology demonstrated that nature is a cultural concept that we use to understand the world. Thus, we wish to engage with heritage geographies which examine the connection between heritage, landscape, and nature, emphasising their interconnected, and cultural nature. Can we talk of heritage from below within so-called ‘natural landscapes’ and in what terms? Do individuals and communities participate in the definition of natural heritage or do they a-critically consume the idea of natural heritage defined by experts?
Within this frame we invite contributions that question the relationship between natural/cultural heritage (with particular attention to the first), landscape, tourism and recreational  mobilities, and informal and counter-hegemonic practices.

References:
Arregui A., Mackenthun G., Wodianka S. (Eds.), 2018, DEcolonial Heritage. Natures, Cultures, and the Asymmetries of Memory, Waxmann.
Castiglioni B., 2022, Paesaggio e società. Una prospettiva geografica, Carocci.
Cisani M., 2020, Paesaggi e mobilità. Strumenti per le geografie del quotidiano, FrancoAngeli.
Haraway D., 1991, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. The Reinvention of Nature. Routledge.
Harvey D., Waterton E., 2015, “Editorial: Landscapes of Heritage and Heritage Landscapes”, Landscape Research, 40:8, pp. 905-910. 
Pettenati G. (Ed.), 2022, Landscape as Heritage: International Critical Perspectives, Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Robertson I., 2016, Heritage from Below, Routledge.
Smith L., 2008, “Heritage, Gender and Identity”, in Graham B., Howard P. (Eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity, Ashgate, pp. 159-178. The session welcomes contributions in the form of presentations in English

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Giovanna Di Matteo (1); Margherita Cisani (2)
(1) Università degli Studi di Padova, (2) Università degli Studi di Padova

 
ID Abstract:

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