Following years of economic upheavals started in 2008 (great economic crisis), 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic), and the Ukrainian War from 2022, the European Union and its member states found partial and incomplete answers to some negative effects of downturns multiplied. This was highly true in East part of Europe, in the ex-socialist countries. Regional differences increased at the expanse of rural areas both crises times. The inefficient efforts to revitalize rural countryside echoes new solutions to be empirical and theoretical bases in the past and present days. The main aim of the presentation is to investigate on the necessary elements of employment sustainability in Hungarian and non-Hungarian rural areas in the light of three different sorts of crises. Based on an applied research series conducted 2012-2016, the follow up study in 2022, the publication of the research results, and the study of recent literature, the authors synthetized a general model inspired by geographical spheres for practical use of stakeholders and policymakers after and during crises. The parts of the model, the interrelations, the mechanisms, and the functions between the elements will be refined under the umbrella of new-type economic and humanitarian upheavals, nowadays. Hypothesises and guesses will be articulated, which are highly disputable, due to discuss them.

Sándor ILLÉS; Brigitta ZSÓTÉR; Péter SIMONYI
Independent researcher; University of Szeged; Retired researcher

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ID Abstract: 451