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1171 | 145 | Towards Urban AI Ethical Framework | Eng. Lamiaa Ghoz, Dr. Mennatullah Hendawy

In a previous article, we showed that when reviewing the currently available ethical_x000D_
frameworks, it becomes clear that the urban aspect is missing. Furthermore, none of the_x000D_
existing studies consider or directly address the potential consequences or harms of_x000D_
implementing and utilizing urban AI in cities, and how this may affect the residents of the_x000D_
same city._x000D_
As AI systems have the potential to replicate the biases, inequalities, and power structures_x000D_
that already exist within societies, there is an immediate need to develop an ethical urban AI_x000D_
framework for sustainable and equitable cities. Therefore, there is a need for additional_x000D_
research to address the ethical implications of adopting and utilizing AI in urban areas and to_x000D_
develop AI frameworks for urban settings._x000D_
This article uses qualitative methods in combination with review methods to understand and_x000D_
interrogate urban AI ethics. Using co-creation techniques, we conduct interviews with AI and_x000D_
urban experts to develop the first Urban-AI Ethical Framework.

Eng. Lamiaa Ghoz, Dr. Mennatullah Hendawy
German University in Cairo, Ain Shams University

 
ID Abstract: 145

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1170 | 586 | One hour you are in Switzerland, and the next in Italy | Chiara Caravello

In 1871, the traveller Browne described the ‘geographical lines’ of the picturesque landscape between northern Italy and Switzerland as ‘very puzzling, especially as regards boundaries’ (Browne, 1871), claiming that it was impossible to grasp the transition between one country and the other. With all evidence, he had no internet issues._x000D_
Nowadays, in Europe, the border is sensibly palpable; its presence can be anticipated up to a few kilometres before reaching it. Indeed, among what makes the passage become tangible are, paradoxically, the intangible infrastructures, data networks and “deeply subsoil interventions”_x000D_
underlying the processes of “urbanization of the subsurface” (Kissling & Bonsack, 2020)._x000D_
The border – at first a mark drawn on the map, invisible in the geographical and spatial experience of the place – becomes tangible when discontinuous services are offered by different and heterogeneous territorial development approaches, disrupting the natural landscape continuity._x000D_
To provide useful points for further consideration about the Alpine borderscapes by taking a distance from its dominant geomorphological features, the presentation offers a comparison with a non-alpine borderscape. Through a transdisciplinary approach, the intervention aims to reveal the potential of the border as a space of resilience (Luperca, 2020) given by the inter-action between different territorial management practices and different interpretations in the collective imagination (Hagerman, 2020)._x000D_
The proposed case study is the ‘Three Countries Park’ project area at the core of the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (BE-NL-DE). Here, as in the Alpine landscape, cross-border countries have experienced similar economic and social development, drawing on the same territorial resources. _x000D_
Today, building on the recognition of this history based on a shared landscape, local stakeholders are teaming up to tackle the current ecological crisis and move together towards sustainable territorial development.

Chiara Caravello
PhD student LabVTP, URA – Faculty of Architecture, University of Liège (BE) & AUID Programme XXXVII cycle, DAStU – Politecnico di Milano (IT)

 
ID Abstract: 586

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1170 | 719 | Nova Gorica, Slovenia – scenario planning for uncertainty as a part of the SUMP development process in a border region. | Luka Mladenovic and Tom Rye

Nova Gorica is a mid-sized city on the western edge of Slovenia, divided from its Italian counterpart Gorizia by a border that, since Slovenia joined Schengen in 2008, has disappeared. Both cities now work together on common vision and initiatives, including sustainable mobility planning. Administratively the two cities remain separate, planning for their common future in two different systems, but coordinating their vision and strategies. _x000D_
_x000D_
Nova Gorica has a long tradition of sustainable urban mobility planning (SUMP). The city developed its first transport strategy in 2011, a regional cross-border SUMP in 2015 and a second local SUMP in 2017. Currently preparation is underway for a new generation of the document, which should be developed in 2023/24. _x000D_
_x000D_
This paper describes the cross-border collaboration that has taken place to date in sustainable urban mobility planning in the city. It then goes on to explain the process of the visioning and scenario-development exercise that took place for the new SUMP, as a part of the Urban Europe project Triple Access Planning for Uncertainty www.tapforuncertainty.eu. This was carried out as a set of two online workshops in November and December 2022. Experts from different departments of the city administration took part, as well as other stakeholders involved in the development of previous SUMPs._x000D_
_x000D_
The planning exercise in Nova Gorica helped local planners see a much wider picture of possible futures. Scenario development, which was already part of the existing methodology but previously used only as a minor task without much influence on SUMP development, was shown as a useful tool that can help with the decision-making process regarding the measures and activities that the SUMP proposes, in the context of different possible futures._x000D_

Luka Mladenovic and Tom Rye
Urban Planning Institute of Slovenia

 
ID Abstract: 719

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1170 | manual juliol 2 | From the mountain to the sea. A performative essay on threshold and trespasses | Nicoletta Grillo


“We used to go to the woods [on the border] to pick lilies of the valley in the night, after working in the shirt factory. We did it to supplement the salary. The flowers were to be sold in inner Switzerland”, recounted some women employed in a Swiss factory near the border with Italy that has existed for more than one century. Here, the majority of workers have always been Italian frontaliere, cross-border workers who commute across that line every day. In their recount, the presence of the border in the woods disappears

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.
This is one of the stories of border crossings that would be presented in a performative essay combining an oral narration with a projection of photographic materials. The essay takes as its starting point the invisibility of the Swiss Italian border and elaborates on how it exists as a borderscape performatively reproduced by the bodily crossings associated with cross-border work and migration between the two regions of Lombardy and Ticino.
Combining archival images and photographs taken on the field, with information coming from news media and first-hand interviews, this visual and verbal narrative would interweave different stories of displacement: from that of the train journeys of female workers commuting across the border every day, to the walks of migrants moving through the borders woods with the light of dawn.
While the Alps are an identitary space in national narratives, the woods on their slopes are also a space of resistance to the divisions imposed by administrative lines, where firefly lights still appear. Photographs remain as traces of these presences, opening up to new spaces of imagination.

Nicoletta Grillo
KU Leuven 

 
ID Abstract: manual juliol 2

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1171 | | Integration of Artificial Intelligence into smart city initiatives | Zongtian Guo (1); Eriketti Servou (2)

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of smart city is an emerging topic of research and practice. Several researchers have noted that AI is becoming an increasingly significant component of smart city agendas (e.g. Cugurullo, 2020; Marvin et al., 2022; Yigitcanlar & Cugurullo, 2020). Applications of AI in smart city include a wide range of sectors, such as energy, finance, national security, health care, criminal justice,, transportation, water management and waste management. Innovative concepts such as city brains, robots, automated vehicles or building futuristic cities from scratch (i.e. NEOM), all feature advanced AI capabilities promising greater efficiency and sustainability in cities. Even though AI has extensive application prospects, there is still a lack of social science research on the wider integration of AI into smart city agendas in terms of societal opportunities, risks and disruptions (Yigitcanlar et al., 2020)
This session seeks to explore the integration of AI into smart city initiatives (agendas). It aspires to stimulate discussion about conceptual, methodological, and empirical aspects of AI technological advancements and experiences embedded in smart cities. It also seeks to elaborate on the impacts of AI in smart cities in terms of public value, citizen participation, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning, urban economy, urban platforms, and urban sustainability.
We invite researchers working on the intersections of AI and smart city to present their work on addressing a variety of urban issues (e.g. urban energy, transport, safety, water quality and waste-disposal, etc.) through the integration of various AI technologies (e.g. big data, machine learning, Internet of Things, optimization algorithms) into smart city initiatives. The session’s objective is to deepen our understanding of integrating AI into smart city initiatives from a wider socio-political perspective. In this context, we call for papers, engaging with, but not limited to, the following:
 

Ethics and biases of AI in smart cities.
Critical analyses of urban AI implementations.
Green and equitable AI applications for smart cities.
The ways user’s experiences are handled by AI, and in turn inform smart city policies.
Data-driven AI and public value in smart cities.
Politics of AI in smart cities and impact on urban governance, including algorithmic governance, platform governance, platform urbanism.
Co-production of AI technologies and urban development practices.
AI and citizen participation in smart cities.

Zongtian Guo (1); Eriketti Servou (2)
(1) Trinity College Dublin, (2) Eindhoven University of Technology

 
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1170 | 151 | The Alpine space and national boundaries: processes and prospects at the Italy-France border | Raffaella Coletti

Several attempts have been made in the last decades to strengthen the definition of an Alpine “region”. Alpine Countries have signed the Alpine Convention in 1991, and have been successively involved in the EU Strategy for the Alps (“EUSALP” Macroregion). Sub-national territories are involved in various forms of cross-border and transnational cooperation supported by the EU cohesion policy through Interreg programmes, and are involved in the EUSALP as well, as a multilevel governance framework. In all of these initiatives the support to the material cooperation between different entities is paralleled by the nurturing of the “Alpine space” as a common heritage to be protected, sustainably exploited and promoted._x000D_
Nevertheless, the Alpine space is crossed by several national boundaries. Countries in the Alps are either Member States, or States that share with the EU a privileged relationship (namely, Switzerland). However, in the last few years the region has not been exempt from what has been defined the “revenge” of borders, following in particular the migration pressure, the terroristic threat and the Covid-19 pandemic. Formal closures of national boundaries, with the suspension of the Schengen Agreement, have fragmented the Alpine space materially and symbolically. Narratives of conflict and distrust have flourished among the Alpine States as elsewhere. But, at the same time, the crises have also stimulated the diffusion of new tools and practices. _x000D_
Can all these processes pave the way for new configurations of border management? To address this question, the presentation will discuss the case of the Italy-France border. By focusing on the evolution of the border management at different scales since 2015 (the year of the so called “migration crisis”) in a material and symbolic perspective, the contribution will highlight the new forms of closures and openings that are taking place across the Alpine borderscapes, reflecting on their potential consequences.

Raffaella Coletti
CNR ISSIRFA

 
ID Abstract: 151

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1170 | 214 | Constellation of refuges: solidarity infrastructure across the French-Italian border | Jacopo Anderlini; Filippo Torre

Our contribution questions the different forms of solidarity towards undocumented migrants in transit that take shape along the Alpine border between Italy and France. In the multiple nodes of the Alpine route, networks supporting the safe passage of migrants have been emerging since the winter of 2016/2017 as a reaction to the systematic controls of the French authorities aimed at slowing down, diverting and blocking the transit of people of the Global South, even at the cost of exposing them to death. Solidarity can be grounded on ethical, religious or altruistic reasons, or building along national, ethnic or linguistic lines, or due to the sharing of the same “migrant condition”. It materialises in an interdependent and complementary cross-border constellation of refuges, where the practices of institutional and non-institutional actors, formalised associations and informal groups, European citizens and non-citizens come together in different ways. Thanks to an extensive ethnographic fieldwork along the main stopovers of the Alpine route (Oulx, Cesana, Claviere and Briançon), we focus on the intertwining between the peculiar morphology of the Alpine space, the different infrastructures which crisscross it, border control operations, and cross-border solidarity practices. Our key assumption is that the peculiar configuration of solidarity networks allows this “corridor” of mobility – given by the devices and operations of border control that channel trajectories – to be transformed into a habitable route – that is, where a space for migrant agency is produced.

Jacopo Anderlini; Filippo Torre
University of Parma; University of Genoa

 
ID Abstract: 214

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1170 | 399 | Aosta Valley, France, French and Frenchness: contested borders and identity construction in the era of COVID-19 and climate change | Isabella Traeger


The Aosta Valley – an autonomous region in Northern Italy – is a fascinating example of the varying correlations between bordering processes, language, territoriality, and identity. This article aims to explore how climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are impacting this complex borderscape._x000D_
Linguistically, the French language was and is at the core of the region’s political and cultural identity construction: a perfect bilingualism is respected in public institutions. French also acts as vector to strengthen the region’s international relations with the francophone world, and fluidify the management of cross-border infrastructure and INTERREG programmes. French is hence a double-edged tool of re-bordering and “othering” nationally; and of de-bordering and cooperation abroad

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. Nonetheless, in practice, French is far less used than Italian. Considering that French is mostly spoken in the school context, the article investigates how lockdown and online teaching may have accelerated this erosion process. _x000D_
The article further investigates the impacts of climate change and the pandemic on the institutional border. Indeed, despite the region’s long history of cross-border cooperation, the contested position of the border in the Mont Blanc area recurrently gives rise to tensions at the local and national level. This dispute is more inherent to questions of (self-)representation than territoriality, as it determines who owns the highest peak in Europe. Climate change further complexifies the question, as the disagreement has prevented the institutionalisation of the “mobile border” concept, as has been done in the Italo-Swiss and -Austrian borders. The glacier’s movement is hence not formally documented, hindering the possibility of reaching an agreement. Border-related tensions have also been exacerbated by the pandemic. Restrictions in cross-border movement and differences in containment measures have led to several frictions, especially in cross-border sky stations.

Isabella Traeger
Politecnico di Milano

 
ID Abstract: 399

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1170 | 453 | Borders in mountain regions – a double handicap? | Dominik Bertram & Tobias Chilla

Mountain regions face specific obstacles for spatial development. The spatial organization of services is particularly challenging in the Alps: due to low population density and the morphological context, hampered accessibility leads either to longer distances and travel times or (in the better case) to a higher level of services in smaller settlements. Recent research illustrates that this Alpine specificity results in many small places that play a crucial role for their larger surrounding area. Secondly, the Alpine region is shaped by several political systems that meet at national borders: numerous towns are located in border regions, accompanied by growing commuter, leisure and retail flows. Nevertheless, the borders come along with a series of obstacles and barriers. Thus, in addition to the morphological context, this situation brings further specific challenges for the provision of services of general interest. _x000D_
_x000D_
In our paper, we focus on border regions as specificities for Alpine spatial development. The key question is: What potential do border towns have for Alpine spatial development based on accessibility arguments? Our explorative approach compares population catchment intensities for towns in border and non-border regions. The dataset builds on a comprehensive accessibility mapping of 780 towns in the Alps with more than 3,000 inhabitants. Our empirical work combines findings of the 9th Report of the State of the Alps on Alpine Towns and the ongoing research project CoBo (Cohesion in Border Regions) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Especially in the Inner Alps, the catchment areas of several border towns extend into neighboring countries. This approach provides evidence for the cross-border organization of public services in mountain regions and has the potential to be applied in other territories with geographical specificities, which are typical areas of cohesion policy relevance._x000D_

Dominik Bertram & Tobias Chilla
Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

 
ID Abstract: 453

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1170 | | Alpine borderscapes: envisioning the future of cross-border communities | Alice Buoli (1); Raffaella Coletti (2); Ingrid Kofler (3)

The session invites interdisciplinary contributions focused on the current and future perspectives of the Alpine borderscapes as a paradigmatic place where to analyse social, economic and cultural processes. The Alpine territory is traditionally considered a (natural) border that has become a palimpsest of different “crises”: an ecological crisis, concerning the impacts of climate change; a social crisis, as a transit space in the transnational migratory flows from Southern to Northern Europe; a sanitary crisis, with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The coronavirus, in particular, has acted globally as a “multiplier” of borders at different spatial levels, highlighting or exacerbating existing fragilities and imbalances. Following the different measures that European member states have adopted since 2020, new geographies of (im)mobility have emerged across the border territories, especially during the early stages of the sanitary emergency. These measures have impacted the everyday life of already vulnerable communities and territories, particularly those areas whose economy is heavily dependent on cross-border mobility. 
At the same time, the Alpine space is also a territory of encounter and cooperation. Formal and informal practices and initiatives cross-bordering the territory take place at multiple scales and on different topics, fostering cross-border interactions and the interdependencies of border communities. These interactions have never ceased, even in the most difficult times of the sanitary crisis, putting under the spotlight a cross-border space that exists alongside any process of bordering and fragmentation.
At the dawn of the new programming period of European funds (2021-2027) and the implementation of recovery funds, cross-border regions have the opportunity to build upon their past and current fragilities and strengths to envision new modes of cross-border interactions and possibly a new generation of territorial strategies to overcome their marginality, going beyond their borders and imagining a common future for their territories.
In this light, the session aims to explore the complex entanglement between novel forms of re-bordering and de-bordering pushed by the ecological, social and sanitary situation and consider what new opportunities for (in)formal transboundary collaborations between local communities and stakeholders have emerged or might emerge in the future. The session also welcomes contributions dealing with the imaginaries of Alpine space, produced and reproduced through narratives and arts that cross national boundaries. We welcome paper proposals dealing with theoretical aspects as well as empirical or literature-review case studies analysis, visual explorations, or relevant policy-oriented analysis on the Alpine borderscapes and bilateral and cross-border cooperation frameworks. Bibliography

Brambilla C., Laine J. Scott J. W., Bocchi G. (eds) (2015). Borderscaping: Imaginations and Practices of Border Making, Routledge
Coletti, R., & Oddone, N. (2021). Covid-19 in the European Union and MERCOSUR: UNU-CRIS Border Management at Different Scales. UNU-CRIS WORKING PAPER SERIES, 1-23.
Kissing, T. (ed) (2021). Solid, Fluid, Biotic. Changing Alpine Landscapes. Zürich: Lars Müller
Pasqual, E., Ferrari, M., & Bagnato, A. (2019). A Moving Border: Alpine Cartographies of Climate Change. New York: Columbia University Press.
Radil, S. M., Castan Pinos, J., Ptak, T. (2020). Borders resurgent: towards a post-COVID-19 global border regime? Space and Polity, https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2020.1773254

Contacts
alice.buoli@polimi.it; raffaella.coletti@cnr.it; ingrid.kofler2@unibz.it

Alice Buoli (1); Raffaella Coletti (2); Ingrid Kofler (3)
(1) Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU), Milano, Italy, (2) Institute for the Study of Regionalism, Federalism and Self-Government (ISSiRFA) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy, (3) Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Design and Art, Bolzano, Italy

 
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